IGCSE Biology 4 Views 1 Answers
State that large molecules are made from smaller molecules, limited to: (a) starch, glycogen and cellulose from glucose (b) proteins from amino acids (c) fats and oils from fatty acids and glycerol
State that large molecules are made from smaller molecules, limited to: (a) starch, glycogen and cellulose from glucose (b) proteins from amino acids (c) fats and oils from fatty acids and glycerol
Answer
Large molecules are made from smaller molecules as follows:
(a) Starch, Glycogen, and Cellulose from Glucose
- Starch, glycogen, and cellulose are polysaccharides formed from the polymerization of glucose molecules. These large carbohydrate molecules serve different functions in living organisms, such as energy storage and structural support.
(b) Proteins from Amino Acids
- Proteins are large biomolecules composed of long chains of amino acids. There are 20 different amino acids that can be combined in various sequences to form a wide variety of proteins, each with unique functions in biological processes.
(c) Fats and Oils from Fatty Acids and Glycerol
- Fats and oils (lipids) are formed from the combination of fatty acids and glycerol. This process involves the formation of ester bonds through a condensation reaction, resulting in triglycerides, which serve as energy storage molecules.
In summary:
- Starch, glycogen, and cellulose are made from glucose.
- Proteins are made from amino acids.
- Fats and oils are made from fatty acids and glycerol.
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