State that memory cells are not produced in passive immunity
State that memory cells are not produced in passive immunity
1 AnswerQuestions and Answers
1 Answer Explain that passive immunity is a short-term defence against a pathogen by antibodies acquired from another individual, including across the placenta and in breast milk
Explain that passive immunity is a short-term defence against a pathogen by antibodies acquired from another individual, including across the placenta and in breast milk
1 Answer Explain the role of vaccination in controlling the spread of diseases
Explain the role of vaccination in controlling the spread of diseases
1 Answer Outline the process of vaccination: (a) weakened pathogens or their antigens are put into the body (b) the antigens stimulate an immune response by lymphocytes which produce antibodies (c) memory cells are produced that give long-term immunity
Outline the process of vaccination: (a) weakened pathogens or their antigens are put into the body (b) the antigens stimulate an immune response by lymphocytes which produce antibodies (c) memory cells are produced that give long-term immunity
1 Answer State that specific antibodies have complementary shapes which fit specific antigens
State that specific antibodies have complementary shapes which fit specific antigens
1 Answer Describe antibodies as proteins that bind to antigens leading to direct destruction of pathogens or marking of pathogens for destruction by phagocytes
Describe antibodies as proteins that bind to antigens leading to direct destruction of pathogens or marking of pathogens for destruction by phagocytes
1 Answer Describe active immunity as defence against a pathogen by antibody production in the body
Describe active immunity as defence against a pathogen by antibody production in the body
1 Answer Explain the importance of the following in controlling the spread of disease: (a) a clean water supply (b) hygienic food preparation (c) good personal hygiene (d) waste disposal (e) sewage treatment (details of the stages of sewage treatment are not required)
Explain the importance of the following in controlling the spread of disease: (a) a clean water supply (b) hygienic food preparation (c) good personal hygiene (d) waste disposal (e) sewage treatment (details of the stages of sewage treatment are not required)
1 Answer Describe the body defences, limited to: skin, hairs in the nose, mucus, stomach acid and white blood cells
Describe the body defences, limited to: skin, hairs in the nose, mucus, stomach acid and white blood cells
1 Answer State that a pathogen is transmitted: (a) by direct contact, including through blood and other body fluids (b) indirectly, including from contaminated surfaces, food, animals and air
State that a pathogen is transmitted: (a) by direct contact, including through blood and other body fluids (b) indirectly, including from contaminated surfaces, food, animals and air
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