How do offspring inherit characteristics from their parents, and what role does this play in natural selection?

How does natural selection favor individuals that are better adapted to their environment?

Why do species tend to produce more offspring than their environment can support?

How do adaptations make an individual suited to its environment and way of life?

What are the main sources of variation in a species, and how do mutation, meiosis, and sexual reproduction contribute to it?

Why is variation essential for natural selection to occur within a species?

What patterns or trends exist in the bone structures of vertebrate limbs, and what discrepancies might exist based on their varied functions?

How does the structure of the pentadactyl limb differ among mammals, birds, amphibians, and reptiles, despite its presence in all?

How has pollution influenced the development of melanistic (dark-colored) insects in certain areas?

How does continuous variation across the geographical range of related populations support the concept of gradual divergence?