What characteristic of the S strain allows it to evade the immune system of the mice?
A) They are resistant to heat.
B) The cells have a capsule.
C) They are naturally competent.
D) They are genetically engineered to be resistant to killing.

Mice that are injected with only the R strain of Streptococcus pneumoniae…
A) stay healthy, because their immune systems can kill this strain easily.
B) become sick for prolonged periods of time.
C) are killed, because R strain cells are deadly.

Competent cells are cells that…
A) can take up DNA from their surrounding environment and integrate it into their own chromosomes by recombination.
B) have the ability to produce capsules.
C) are killed by heat.
D) are also considered “rough-strain” based on colony phenotype.

When a transducing phage interacts with a new host cell,
A) the DNA from the previous host can recombine with the new host chromosome.
B) the new host cell will be lysed.
C) it will cause the new cell to produce more transducing phage.

How is generalized transduction different from specialized transduction?
A) Only one specific host gene is transferred in both specialized and generalized transduction.
B) Specialized transduction uses animal viruses instead of bacteriophage.
C) Generalized transduction is initiated during the lytic cycle of a virulent bacteriophage; specialized transduction is initiated during the lysogenic cycle of a temperate bacteriophage.
D) Generalized transduction is initiated by a lysogenic bacteriophage; specialized transduction is initiated by a lytic phage.

Which finding is most surprising from Griffith’s experiments?
A) S strain cells are isolated from the blood of mice infected with heat-killed S strains and live R strains.
B) R strain cells fail to produce a capsule.
C) S strains are able to escape phagocytosis.
D) S strain cells kill the mice.

A transducing phage…
A) contains fragments of the host chromosome instead of the viral genome.
B) cannot infect new host cells.
C) is a lysogenic bacteriophage.
D) has a viral coat made of host proteins.

What is the hallmark of all horizontal gene transfers?
A) Transfer of DNA using a virus
B) The use of plasmids
C) Transfer of DNA between organisms of the same generation
D) Transfer of DNA from parent to offspring

Which statement about conjugation is false?
A) Conjugation involves transfer of DNA from one cell to another.
B) The recipient cell becomes a donor after conjugation.
C) Conjugation is a process of bacterial reproduction.

What must occur for bacterial conjugation to take place?
A) The cells must transfer RNA.
B) One of the cells must be E. coli.
C) The cells must come into contact with each other.
D) Each cell must contain a plasmid.