The virus infects a host cell by:
The host cell engulfing the virus through endocytosis.
The virus removing the DNA from the host.
The virus pierces the outer surface of the host cell and injects its DNA.
The virus stays attached to the surface of the cell and takes over its genetic machinery.

The pilus is found on both the donor and recipient cells.
A) True
B) False

During bacterial conjugation, plasmid replication occurs in:
A) The donor only.
B) The recipient only.
C) Both the donor and recipient.
D) Either the donor or the recipient, but not both.
E) Neither the donor nor the recipient.

Which of the following does NOT occur during bacterial conjugation?
A) Direct contact between donor and recipient cells
B) Shortening of the pilus
C) Enzymatic cleavage of one strand at the origin of transfer
D) Unidirectional transfer of both DNA strands
E) Recipient cell becomes a donor cell after conjugation

If the virus is present as a provirus in the host cell, it remains latent and never produces new virus.
A) True
B) False

The polygenic mRNA codes for making one long polyprotein which is then cleaved into the separate individual virus proteins.
A) True
B) False

If the DNA of the provirus is transcribed:
A) Several single mRNA strands are produced
B) A plasmid is made
C) The provirus detaches and becomes lytic
D) One long polygenic mRNA is produced

The provirus state exists when:
A) Double-stranded viral DNA is integrated into host cell chromosome
B) Single-stranded viral RNA is integrated into host cell chromosome
C) Double-stranded viral RNA is integrated into host cell chromosome
D) Single-stranded RNA is present as a plasmid in the host cell
E) Double-stranded DNA is present as a plasmid in the host cell

Retroviruses have:
A) One copy of single-stranded RNA
B) Two copies of single-stranded RNA
C) One copy of double-stranded RNA
D) Two copies of single-stranded DNA

Plasmids are small pieces of DNA that may carry genetic information for antibiotic resistance.
True
False