Which statement about DNA replication is CORRECT?
A) DNA ligase helps assemble the leading strand.
B) The lagging strand is one of the strands of parental DNA.
C) The leading strand is put continuously, and the lagging strand is built in pieces.
D) The leading strand is one of the strands of parental DNA.
E) The lagging strand is built continuously.

A recombinant cell…
A) is the result of a cell dividing.
B) is a cell that receives DNA from an outside source and incorporates it into its own.
C) donates DNA into a new cell.

Based on the animation, what is transferred during bacterial conjugation?
A) RNA
B) A conjugation pilus
C) A bacterial chromosome
D) A bacterial plasmid

What most likely explains the recovery of live S strain cells from a mouse injected with heat-killed S strain mixed with live R strain cells?
A) The S strain fused with the R strain, making it resistant.
B) The R strain picked up the S strain DNA, enabling it to produce a capsule.
C) The S strain was revived by the presence of the host’s immune system.
D) The R strain cells picked up the capsules from the S strain cells.

What characteristic of the S strain allows it to evade the immune system of the mice?
A) They are resistant to heat.
B) The cells have a capsule.
C) They are naturally competent.
D) They are genetically engineered to be resistant to killing.

Mice that are injected with only the R strain of Streptococcus pneumoniae…
A) stay healthy, because their immune systems can kill this strain easily.
B) become sick for prolonged periods of time.
C) are killed, because R strain cells are deadly.

Competent cells are cells that…
A) can take up DNA from their surrounding environment and integrate it into their own chromosomes by recombination.
B) have the ability to produce capsules.
C) are killed by heat.
D) are also considered “rough-strain” based on colony phenotype.

When a transducing phage interacts with a new host cell,
A) the DNA from the previous host can recombine with the new host chromosome.
B) the new host cell will be lysed.
C) it will cause the new cell to produce more transducing phage.

How is generalized transduction different from specialized transduction?
A) Only one specific host gene is transferred in both specialized and generalized transduction.
B) Specialized transduction uses animal viruses instead of bacteriophage.
C) Generalized transduction is initiated during the lytic cycle of a virulent bacteriophage; specialized transduction is initiated during the lysogenic cycle of a temperate bacteriophage.
D) Generalized transduction is initiated by a lysogenic bacteriophage; specialized transduction is initiated by a lytic phage.

Which finding is most surprising from Griffith’s experiments?
A) S strain cells are isolated from the blood of mice infected with heat-killed S strains and live R strains.
B) R strain cells fail to produce a capsule.
C) S strains are able to escape phagocytosis.
D) S strain cells kill the mice.