According to the animation, which of the following makes mRNA from the information stored in a DNA template?
A) tRNA
B) Ribosomes
C) DNA polymerase
D) RNA polymerase

Transcription produces which of the following?
A) mRNA
B) iRNA
C) tRNA
D) mRNA and tRNA
E) mRNA and RNA
F) mRNA, tRNA, and rRNA are all produced by transcription.

What happens to the packaged DNA of a specialized transduced phage when it infects a new recipient cell?
A) The DNA is chewed up by enzymes found in the recipient cell.
B) The host DNA integrates, with the prophage, into the new recipient chromosome.
C) The DNA begins to replicate without integrating into the host chromosome.

How does specialized transduction differ from regular transduction?
A) The prophage is not excised during specialized transduction.
B) The resulting bacteriophage from specialized transduction does not contain any viral DNA.
C) The resulting bacteriophage from specialized transduction cannot infect a new host cell.
D) The prophage in specialized transduction carries with it pieces of the host chromosomal DNA.

What does MDR mean?
A) Minimal drug resistance
B) Multi-directional radioactivity
C) Multi-drug-resistant
D) Map directed route

Which of the following is NOT used by bacteria to acquire new genetic material?
A) Conjugation
B) Transformation
C) Crossing over
D) Transduction

How can hospital personnel prevent the spread of resistant Enterococcus faecium throughout the hospital?
A) Hospital staff should wear shoe covers for the duration of their shift.
B) Hospital staff should never serve raw fruit and salads to patients.
C) Hospital personnel should wash their hands when entering and leaving a patient’s room.
D) Hospital staff should wear masks when entering a patient’s room.

What term is used to describe bacterial cells that can naturally take up DNA from their environment?
A) Auxotrophs
B) Hfr cells
C) Electroporated cells
D) Competent cells

At which point does a recipient cell become an F+ cell?
A) Fusion of the cell membranes
B) Attachment of the sex pilus
C) Transfer of the single-stranded F factor
D) Pulling of donor and recipient cells together
E) Formation of the complementary strand of the F factor

What is the key difference between donor cells and recipient cells?
A) Cell membranes
B) Size
C) A chromosome
D) An F plasmid