What are the external influences that may affect the genetic make-up of a bacterial cell?

Describe the four mechanisms used by bacterial species to generate resistance to antibiotics.

Viral transfer of genes between bacteria is called _________.

What bacterium causes syphilis?

How can specialized transduction contribute to the transfer of antibiotic resistance genes in a bacterial population?
A) The phage causes the destruction of any antibiotic present during the specialized transduction process.
B) The prophage takes an antibiotic resistance gene with it and is packaged with the newly synthesized viral DNA.
C) The phage lyses the bacterium and releases resistance genes into the local environment, which can then be taken up by recipient cells.

What is the function of the conjugation pilus?
A) It converts F- cells into F+ cells.
B) It carries the chromosome of F- cells.
C) It contains an F plasmid.
D) It pulls the F+ and F- cells together.

During DNA replication, which nucleotide will bind to an A nucleotide in the parental DNA?
A) U
B) T
C) G

Which of the following builds new strands of DNA?
A) Parental DNA
B) The origins of replication
C) The lagging strand
D) DNA polymerases
E) The leading strand

Which statement about DNA replication is FALSE?
A) The lagging strand is made of a series of pieces that must be joined together to make a continuous strand.
B) DNA replication of parental DNA is separated during replication.
C) DNA ligase adds nucleotides to the lagging strand.
D) Because the two strands of parental DNA run in opposite directions, the new strands must be made in different ways.
E) DNA polymerase builds a new strand by adding DNA nucleotides one at a time.

The molecule that seals the gaps between the pieces of DNA in the lagging strand is:
A) RNA
B) The replication fork
C) DNA ligase
D) The leading strand
E) DNA polymerase