In which of the following processes is glutaraldehyde used as a sterilizing agent?
(A) Pasteurization
(B) Incineration
(C) Cold sterilization
(D) Autoclaving
1 AnswerWho among the following scientists was the pioneer in the development of chemotherapy?
(A) Elie Metchnikoff
(B) Robert Koch
(C) Paul Ehrlich
(D) Ronald Ross
1 AnswerWhich one of the following organisms has axial filaments?
(A) Mycobacterium tuberculosis
(B) Pasteurella multocida
(C) Treponema pallidum
(D) Shigella dysenteriae
1 AnswerWhich one of the following bacterial species can cause atypical pneumonia?
(A) Chlamydia pneumoniae
(B) Streptococcus pneumoniae
(C) Klebsiella pneumoniae
(D) Haemophilus influenzae
1 AnswerWhich of the following combinations of plant secondary metabolites and their functions is/are CORRECT?
(A) Anthocyanin − Herbivore deterrence
(B) Pyrethrin − Insecticidal activity
(C) Phytoalexins − Antifungal activity
(D) Tannins − Pollinator attraction
1 AnswerIdentify the CORRECT combination(s) between the enzymes in Group 1 and the reactions in Group 2 they catalyze.
| Group 1 | Group 2 |
|---|---|
| (P) Superoxide dismutase | (i) Formation of hydrogen peroxide |
| (Q) Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase | (ii) Formation of oxaloacetate |
| (R) Ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase | (iii) Formation of 3-phosphoglycerate |
| (S) Hexokinase | (iv) Formation of glucose-6-phosphate |
(A) P−iii, Q−ii, R−iv, S−i
(B) P−i, Q−ii, R−iii, S−iv
(C) P−ii, Q−iv, R−i, S−iii
(D) P−i, Q−iii, R−ii, S−iv
1 AnswerIdentify the CORRECT combination(s) of plant natural products and the categories they belong to.
(A) Dhurrin − Phenolic compounds
(B) Farnesene − Terpenoids
(C) Naringenin − Cyanogenic glycosides
(D) Vincristine − Alkaloids
1 AnswerWhich of the following combinations of plant diseases and the types of their causal organisms is/are CORRECT?
(A) Late blight of potato − Bacteria
(B) Black rot of crucifer − Bacteria
(C) Tungro disease of rice − Mycoplasma
(D) Root knot of tomato − Nematode
1 AnswerMatch the types of ecological energy productivity in Group 1 with their respective definitions in Group 2.
| Group 1 | Group 2 |
|---|---|
| (P) Net primary productivity | (i) Total amount of energy produced by autotrophs |
| (Q) Gross primary productivity | (ii) Amount of energy stored by autotrophs after respiration |
| (R) Net productivity | (iii) Net gain of energy by the consumers after energy loss |
| (S) Secondary productivity | (iv) Unused amount of energy after consumption by heterotrophs |
(A) P−iii, Q−ii, R−iv, S−i
(B) P−ii, Q−i, R−iii, S−iv
(C) P−ii, Q−i, R−iv, S−iii
(D) P−iv, Q−i, R−ii, S−iii
1 AnswerMatch the types of ecological interactions in Group 1 with their respective definitions in Group 2.
| Group 1 | Group 2 |
|---|---|
| (P) Protocooperation | (i) One species is harmed but the other is neither harmed nor benefited |
| (Q) Commensalism | (ii) A type of mutualism where one species is benefited more than the other |
| (R) Amensalism | (iii) Both species are benefited but the interaction is not obligatory |
| (S) Helotism | (iv) One species is benefited without harming the other |
(A) P−iii, Q−iv, R−i, S−ii
(B) P−ii, Q−i, R−iii, S−iv
(C) P−i, Q−iv, R−iii, S−ii
(D) P−iii, Q−i, R−iv, S−ii
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