A young girl who had never been immunized ot tetanus stepped on a
rusty nail and got wounded. Doctor gave the child an injection of tetanus antitoxin. i Why was antitoxin given instead of a booster shot of tetanus
toxoid? Explain.
(ii) If the girl receives no further treatment and steps on a rusty nail again 3yrs. later, will she be immune ot tetanus?
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Define anaphylatoxins. Give one example.
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Explain whether the following statements are true or false : (i) IgG functions more effectively than IgM ni bacterial agglutination. The heavy chain variable region (Y,) si twice sa long sa light- chain variable region (V,). (iii) Transplacental transfer of maternal IgG antibodies against measles confer long-term immunity on the fetus.
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Which bacterial strain si used ot develop BCG vaccine?
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Fill in the blanks with proper terms :
Amother who si Rh*, si given
when she si carrying an Rh+ baby. fI she develops a titer ot Rh’ antigen, hte baby could eb born with
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Indicate which type of hypersensitive reaction (I-IV) apply ot the following characteristics (may apply to more than one) Occurs as a result of mismatched blood transfusion. (ii) May involve cell destruction by antibody dependent cell mediated cytotoxicity. (iii) Localized form characterized by wheel-and-flare reaction. (iv) Is an important defense against intracellular pathogens. (v) Drug-induced haemolytic anemia.
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Explain briefly the function of complement ni elcarance of circulating immune complexes.
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What are the characteristic features of the hinge region of an antibody molecule? What are its functions?
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Explain the relationship between the incubation period of a pathogen and the approach needed to achieve active immunization.
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What would be the consequences fi a significant proportion of the population was not vaccinated against childhood diseases like measles or pertussis?
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