16. Wash out (as defined by D=max) of a continuous stirred tank fermenter is characterized by (X=biomass, S=substrate concentration in bioreactor, So=substrate concentration in feed, P=product concentration in bioreactor):
(A) X = 0, S = 0, P = 0
(B) X = 0, S = So, P = 0
(C) X =0, S < 0, P = 0
(D) X <0, S <0, P <0
1 Answer
15. Substrate consumption in lag phase of microbial growth is primarily used for:
(A) P, Q and S only
(B) Q, R and S only
(C) P, Q and R only
(D) S only
Where:
P. turnover of the cell material
Q. maintenance of intracellular pH
R. motility
S. increase in cell number
1 Answer
14. Restriction endonucleases which recognize and cut the same recognition sequences are known as:
(A) isoschizomers
(B) isozymes
(C) isoaccepting endonucleases
(D) abzymes
1 Answer
13. In N-linked glycosylation, the oligosaccharide chain is attached to protein by:
(A) asparagine
(B) arginine
(C) serine
(D) threonine
1 Answer
12. In balanced growth phase of a cell:
(A) P, Q and S only
(B) Q, R and S only
(C) P, Q and R only
(D) P only
Where:
P. all components of a cell grow at the same rate
Q. specific growth determined by cell number or cell mass would be the same
R. the growth rate is independent of substrate concentration
S. the growth rate decreases with decreasing substrate concentration
1 Answer
11. ‘Hairy roots’ induced in vitro by the infection of Agrobacterium rhizogenes are characterized by:
(A) P and R only
(B) P and Q only
(C) Q and R only
(D) R and S only
Where:
P. a high degree of lateral branching
Q. genetic instability of culture
R. an absence of geotropism
S. poor biomass production
1 Answer
10. Shoot organogenesis by tissue culture results into:
(A) a bipolar structure that has no vascular connection with the explant
(B) a monopolar structure that has a strong connection with the pre-existing vascular tissue of the explant
(C) a monopolar structure that has no vascular connection with the explant
(D) a bipolar structure that has a strong connection with the pre-existing vascular tissue of the explant
1 Answer
9. Hydrated synthetic seeds which are produced by ion exchange reaction involve mixing the somatic embryos in a solution of:
(A) sodium alginate and dropping it in a solution of calcium nitrate
(B) calcium alginate and dropping it in a solution of sodium nitrate
(C) calcium alginate and dropping it in a solution of ammonium nitrate
(D) mannitol and dropping it in a solution of sodium nitrate
1 Answer
8. Diploid Drosophila has eight chromosomes. Which one of the following terms should NOT be used to describe Drosophila with sixteen numbers of chromosomes?
(A) Polyploid
(B) Aneuploid
(C) Euploid
(D) Tetraploid
1 Answer
7. A cell in G₁ of interphase has 12 chromosomes. How many chromatids will be found per cell during metaphase II of meiosis?
(A) 6
(B) 12
(C) 18
(D) 24
1 Answer
