Which of the following is/are active transport mechanism(s) in prokaryotes where the substance is chemically altered during transport across the membrane?

(A) Group translocation
(B) Simple diffusion
(C) Facilitated diffusion
(D) Osmosis

Which one of the following redox couples has the highest tendency to donate electrons?

(A) Fumarate / succinate
(B) NAD+^++ / NADH
(C) FAD / FADH2_22​
(D) Pyruvate / lactate

Match the antibiotics in Group I with the microorganisms that produce them in Group II.

(A) (P)-(ii), (Q)-(iii), (R)-(i), (S)-(iv)
(B) (P)-(i), (Q)-(ii), (R)-(iii), (S)-(iv)
(C) (P)-(i), (Q)-(ii), (R)-(iv), (S)-(iii)
(D) (P)-(ii), (Q)-(iv), (R)-(i), (S)-(iii)

Which one of the following represents the abundance of the organisms found in soil?

(A) Fungi > Aerobic bacteria > Anaerobic bacteria
(B) Aerobic bacteria > Fungi > Anaerobic bacteria
(C) Aerobic bacteria > Anaerobic bacteria > Fungi
(D) Anaerobic bacteria > Aerobic bacteria > Fungi

Which one of the following uses inorganic compounds as an energy source?

(A) Heterotrophs
(B) Chemolithotrophs
(C) Chemoorganotrophs
(D) Photoheterotrophs

Which one of the following double-stranded sequences will NOT be recognized by a Type IIP restriction endonuclease?

(A) 5′–GGTACC–3′
3′–CCTAGG–5′
(B) 5′–GGATCC–3′
3′–CCTAGG–5′
(C) 5′–CATATG–3′
3′–GTATAC–5′
(D) 5′–GATTTC–3′
3′–CTAAAG–5′

The most abundant class of immunoglobulins in serum is __________.

(A) IgM
(B) IgA
(C) IgD
(D) IgG

In which of the following processes is glutaraldehyde used as a sterilizing agent?

(A) Pasteurization
(B) Incineration
(C) Cold sterilization
(D) Autoclaving

Who among the following scientists was the pioneer in the development of chemotherapy?

(A) Elie Metchnikoff
(B) Robert Koch
(C) Paul Ehrlich
(D) Ronald Ross

Which one of the following organisms has axial filaments?

(A) Mycobacterium tuberculosis
(B) Pasteurella multocida
(C) Treponema pallidum
(D) Shigella dysenteriae