Questions and Answers

List the components of blood as red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets and plasma

Describe the transfer of substances between blood in capillaries, tissue fluid and body cells

State the functions of the components of blood: (a) red blood cells – oxygen transport (b) white blood cells – antibody production by lymphocytes and engulfing pathogens by phagocytes (c) platelets – clotting by converting soluble fibrinogen to insoluble fibrin to prevent blood loss and the entry of pathogens (d) plasma – transport, limited to: blood cells, ions, glucose, amino acids, hormones, carbon dioxide, urea, vitamins and plasma proteins

Explain how the structure of arteries, veins and capillaries is related to the pressure of the blood that they transport

Describe, and identify on diagrams and photomicrographs, the structure of arteries, veins and capillaries, limited to: (a) relative thickness of wall (b) composition of wall (muscle and elastic tissue) (c) diameter of lumen (d) presence of valves

Name the main blood vessels that carry blood to and from the heart, lungs, liver and kidneys, limited to: aorta, vena cava, pulmonary artery, pulmonary vein, hepatic vein, hepatic artery, hepatic portal vein, renal artery and renal vein

Discuss the role of diet and exercise in reducing the risk of coronary heart disease

Describe coronary heart disease in terms of the blockage of coronary arteries and state the possible risk factors including diet, sedentary lifestyle, stress, smoking, genetic predisposition, age and gender

Investigate and explain the effect of physical activity on heart rate

State that blood is pumped away from the heart in arteries and returns to the heart in veins