Describe that the Sun is the principal source of energy input to most biological systems
Describe that the Sun is the principal source of energy input to most biological systems

Describe that the Sun is the principal source of energy input to most biological systems
Discuss potential advantages and risks of genetic modification, limited to modifying crop plants and bacteria
Outline the use of genetic modification in crop plants by inserting genes: (a) to confer resistance to herbicides (b) to confer resistance to insect pests (c) to provide additional vitamins
Explain that the gene that controls the production of human insulin has been inserted into bacterial DNA, for commercial production of insulin
Describe genetic modification as changing the genetic material of an organism by removing, changing or inserting individual genes
Describe the use of: (a) enzymes in biological washing powders (b) pectinase for fruit juice production (c) lactase for lactose-free milk
Describe how fermenters can be used for the large-scale production of useful products by bacteria and fungi, including the conditions that need to be controlled, limited to: temperature, pH, oxygen, nutrient supply and waste products
Discuss why bacteria are useful in biotechnology and genetic modification, limited to: (a) no ethical concerns over their manipulation and growth (b) presence of plasmids
Describe that bacteria are useful in biotechnology and genetic modification due to their rapid reproduction rate and their ability to make complex molecules
Explain the role of yeast in the production of bread and ethanol
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