Describe the features of ATP that make it suitable as the universal energy currency
1 Answer Outline the need for energy in living organisms, as illustrated by active transport, movement and anabolic reactions, such as those occurring in DNA replication and protein synthesis
1 Answer Outline how penicillin acts on bacteria and why antibiotics do not affect viruses
1 Answer Outline the hybridoma method for the production of monoclonal antibodies
1 Answer Explain that vaccines contain antigens that stimulate immune responses to provide long-term immunity
1 Answer Explain how vaccination programmes can help to control the spread of infectious diseases
1 Answer Explain the role of memory cells in the secondary immune response and in long-term immunity
1 Answer Describe the sequence of events that occurs during a primary immune response with reference to the roles of: • macrophages • B-lymphocytes, including plasma cells • T-lymphocytes, limited to T-helper cells and T-killer cells
1 Answer Explain what is meant by an antigen and state the difference between self antigens and non-self antigens
1 Answer Discuss the biological, social and economic factors that need to be considered in the prevention and control of cholera, malaria, TB and HIV (details of the life cycle of the malarial parasite are not expected)
1 Answer 
BNO Team
BNO Team
BNO Team
BNO Team
BNO Team
BNO Team
Sourav Pan
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