The concentration of nutrients in plants is approximately the same as the concentration of nutrients in the surrounding soil.
a) True
b) False

Based on this scenario, which plant is most likely a legume with nitrogen-fixing bacteria?
You found the following plants growing on campus during a field trip:
a) a small plant with a notable absence of root hairs;
b) a short, stubby plant with an enlarged taproot;
c) a tall annual herb with fungal strands extending from its roots;
d) a low-growing plant with nodules on the roots;
e) a woody shrub with an extensive fibrous root system.

The ________ theory explains the movement of water and minerals through xylem.
a) bulk-flow theory
b) assisted diffusion theory
c) cohesion-tension theory
d) translocation theory
e) pressure-flow theory

In the cohesion-tension theory, “cohesion” refers to the:
a) use of water in photosynthesis, resulting in a shortage of water in the leaf.
b) tendency of water molecules to be attracted to minerals in the water.
c) attraction of water molecules for one another.
d) evaporation of water from the stomata of the leaf.
e) process of osmosis that pulls water into the root.

When potassium ion is transported into guard cells, water:
a) enters by osmosis.
b) is actively transported out of the cells.
c) moves to the edge of the cell.
d) leaves by osmosis.
e) is actively transported into the cells.

_____ is responsible for the movement of sugars from leaves to taproots; _____ is responsible for the movements of sugar from taproots to leaves.
a) Bulk flow … bulk flow
b) Bulk flow … root pressure
c) Root pressure … bulk flow
d) Bulk flow … transpiration
e) Transpiration … transpiration

In a sugar sink, such as a taproot, sugar is converted into _____.
a) glycogen
b) cellulose
c) fatty acids
d) starch
e) proteins

At a sugar sink, sugar is removed from phloem by _____.
a) osmosis
b) root pressure
c) active transport
d) diffusion
e) transpiration

Water moves into phloem by _____.
a) osmosis
b) endocytosis
c) root pressure
d) active transport
e) transpiration

The water pressure that pushes water and sugar from sugar source to sugar sink is referred to as _____.
a) translocation
b) transpiration
c) bulk flow
d) solute pressure
e) root pressure