Explain the importance of breast-feeding for the development of passive immunity in infants
1 Answer Explain the role of vaccination in controlling the spread of transmissible diseases
1 Answer Outline the process of vaccination: (a) weakened pathogens or their antigens are given (b) the antigens stimulate an immune response by lymphocytes which produce antibodies (c) memory cells are produced that give long-term immunity
1 Answer Explain that active immunity is gained after an infection by a pathogen, or by vaccination
1 Answer Describe that specific antibodies have complementary shapes which fit specific antigens
1 Answer State that each pathogen has its own antigens, which have specific shapes
1 Answer Explain how development of antibiotic-resistant bacteria, including MRSA, can be minimised by using antibiotics only when essential
1 Answer State that antibiotics kill bacteria but do not affect viruses
1 Answer Describe a drug as any substance taken into the body that modifies or affects chemical reactions in the body
1 Answer Describe the effects of tobacco smoke and its major toxic components (nicotine, tar and carbon monoxide): strong association with bronchitis, emphysema, lung cancer, heart disease, and the association between smoking during pregnancy and reduced birth weight of the baby
1 Answer
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