State that some viruses can pass across the placenta and affect the fetus
1 Answer Identify, on diagrams, the placenta and umbilical cord and describe their functions in relation to the exchange of dissolved nutrients, gases and excretory products between the blood of the mother and the blood of the fetus (structural details are not required)
1 Answer State the functions of the amniotic sac and the amniotic fluid
1 Answer Describe the early development of the zygote, limited to the formation of a ball of cells (embryo) that becomes implanted in the lining of the uterus
1 Answer Explain the roles of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinising hormone (LH), oestrogen and progesterone in controlling the menstrual cycle
1 Answer Describe the roles of testosterone and oestrogen in the development and regulation of secondary sexual characteristics during puberty
1 Answer Compare male and female gametes in terms of size, structure, numbers and motility
1 Answer Describe the process of germination, including the role of enzymes
1 Answer Investigate and state the environmental conditions that affect germination of seeds, limited to: suitable temperature, water and oxygen
1 Answer Relate the features of wind-dispersed fruits and animal-dispersed fruits to their functions
1 Answer
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