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Explain that a gene mutation is a result of substitution or deletion or insertion of nucleotides in DNA and outline how each of these types of mutation may affect the polypeptide produced
1 Answer State that a gene mutation is a change in the sequence of base pairs in a DNA molecule that may result in an altered polypeptide
1 Answer State that the strand of a DNA molecule that is used in transcription is called the transcribed or template strand and that the other strand is called the non-transcribed strand
1 Answer Explain that, in eukaryotes, the RNA molecule formed following transcription (primary transcript) is modified by the removal of non-coding sequences (introns) and the joining together of coding sequences (exons) to form mRNA
1 Answer Describe how the information in DNA is used during transcription and translation to construct polypeptides, including the roles of: • RNA polymerase • messenger RNA (mRNA) • codons • transfer RNA (tRNA) • anticodons • ribosomes
1 Answer Describe the principle of the universal genetic code in which different triplets of DNA bases either code for specific amino acids or correspond to start and stop codons
1 Answer Describe the differences between leading strand and lagging strand replication as a consequence of DNA polymerase adding nucleotides only in a 5′ to 3′ direction
1 Answer Describe the linking of nucleotides by phosphodiester bonds
1 Answer Differences in hydrogen bonding between C–G and A–T base pairs
1 Answer Describe the importance of complementary base pairing between the 5′ to 3′ strand and the 3′ to 5′ strand (antiparallel strands)
1 Answer
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