Interpret absorption spectra of chloroplast pigments and action spectra for photosynthesis
Interpret absorption spectra of chloroplast pigments and action spectra for photosynthesis

Interpret absorption spectra of chloroplast pigments and action spectra for photosynthesis
Describe the role of chloroplast pigments (chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, carotene and xanthophyll) in light absorption in thylakoids
State that within a chloroplast, the thylakoids (thylakoid membranes and thylakoid spaces), which occur in stacks called grana, are the site of the light-dependent stage and the stroma is the site of the light-independent stage
Explain that energy transferred as ATP and reduced NADP from the light-dependent stage is used during the lightindependent stage (Calvin cycle) of photosynthesis to produce complex organic molecules
Describe and carry out investigations using simple respirometers to determine the effect of temperature on the rate of respiration
Describe and carry out investigations using redox indicators, including DCPIP and methylene blue, to determine the effects of temperature and substrate concentration on the rate of respiration of yeast
Explain how rice is adapted to grow with its roots submerged in water, limited to the development of aerenchyma in roots, ethanol fermentation in roots and faster growth of stems
Explain why the energy yield from respiration in aerobic conditions is much greater than the energy yield from respiration in anaerobic conditions (a detailed account of the total yield of ATP from the aerobic respiration of glucose is not expected)
Explain that, when oxygen is available, pyruvate enters mitochondria to take part in the link reaction
Describe the link reaction, including the role of coenzyme A in the transfer of acetyl (2C) groups