Assuming that the population was in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium for the G locus, what percentage of the gray moths that emerged in 1980 was heterozygous?
a) 0%
b) 25%
c) 33%
d) 67%
e) 100%

Assuming that the population was in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium for the G locus, what was the frequency of allele G in the gray moths that emerged in 1980?
a) 0.33
b) 0.50
c) 0.67
d) 0.75
e) 1.00

A survey reveals that 25 percent of a population of 1,000 individuals have attached earlobes (are homozygous recessive for the trait). What is the frequency of the recessive allele?
a) √0.75
b) 0.75
c) √0.50
d) √0.25
e) 0.25

Scientists are studying several populations of finches on neighboring islands in the South Pacific. Previous genetic analysis has shown that a single gene controls tail-feather length in the finch populations and that the allele for long tail feathers (L) is dominant to the allele for short tail feathers (l). On two separate islands, the scientists recorded the number of finches with long tail feathers and the number of finches with short tail feathers. The results are shown in the table below. If the two finch populations are each in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium and are isolated from each other, then which of the following graphs correctly displays the relative genotype frequencies?
(Options not provided in the text)

All of the following are examples of prezygotic genetic isolating mechanisms EXCEPT:
a) Male fireflies of different species have differing flash patterns.
b) Three closely related orchid species flower on different days.
c) The progeny of a cross between two different lizard species fail to develop properly.
d) One species of snake lives in water and another is terrestrial.
e) Peeper frogs mate in April, and tree frogs mate in June.

The appearance of a fertile, polyploid individual within a population of diploid organisms is a possible source of a new species. If this individual is capable of reproducing to form a new population, scientists would consider this to be an example of
a) allopatric speciation
b) sympatric speciation
c) polygenic inheritance
d) genetic drift
e) Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium

In eastern gray squirrels, Sciurus carolinensis, the allele for black fur (B) is dominant to the allele for gray fur (b). In a particular population of gray squirrels, 64% have black fur and 36% have gray fur. A researcher calculated the allelic frequencies to be B=0.4 and b=0.6. Five years later, the researcher returned to the location and determined the allelic frequencies within the squirrel population to be B=0.6 and b=0.4. Which of the following could best explain the increase in the frequency of the B allele in the population after five years?
a) the frequency of the B allele increased because it is the dominant allele
b) the frequency of the B allele is increased because squirrels with gray fur exhibit greater fitness
c) the frequency of the B allele increased due to the selective pressures of the environment
d) the frequency of the B allele increased because black squirrels randomly mate with other eastern gray squirrels

The fossil record indicates that in some cases reasonably well-defined species appear suddenly and remain unchanged for a long time before they become extinct. This phenomenon is referred to as
a) allopatric speciation
b) sympatric speciation
c) phyletic gradualism
d) punctuated equilibrium
e) parallel evolution

Gaucher disease type 1 (GD1) is a recessive genetic disease that affects 1 in 900 individuals in a particular population. GD1 is caused by a mutation in the enzyme glucocerebrosidase. Assuming the population is in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, calculate the frequency of the wild-type (nonmutant) allele for the enzyme glucocerebrosidase.
a) 0.001
b) 0.033
c) 0.967
d) 0.999