What are the Characteristics of Virus?
What are the Characteristics of Virus?
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Describe and carry out a semi-quantitative Benedict’s test on a reducing sugar solution by standardising the test and using the results (time to first colour change or comparison to colour standards) to estimate the concentration
Describe and carry out a semi-quantitative Benedict’s test on a reducing sugar solution by standardising the test and using the results (time to first colour change or comparison to colour standards) to estimate the concentration
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describe and carry out a test to identify the presence of non-reducing sugars, using acid hydrolysis and Benedict’s solution
Describe and carry out a test to identify the presence of non-reducing sugars, using acid hydrolysis and Benedict’s solution
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State that cells use ATP from respiration for energy-requiring processes
State that cells use ATP from respiration for energy-requiring processes
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state that all viruses are non-cellular structures with a nucleic acid core (either DNA or RNA) and a capsid made of protein, and that some viruses have an outer envelope made of phospholipids
state that all viruses are non-cellular structures with a nucleic acid core (either DNA or RNA) and a capsid made of protein, and that some viruses have an outer envelope made of phospholipids
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compare the structure of a prokaryotic cell as found in a typical bacterium with the structures of typical eukaryotic cells in plants and animals
compare the structure of a prokaryotic cell as found in a typical bacterium with the structures of typical eukaryotic cells in plants and animals
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outline key structural features of a prokaryotic cell as found in a typical bacterium, including: • unicellular • generally 1–5 µm diameter • peptidoglycan cell walls • circular DNA • 70S ribosomes • absence of organelles surrounded by double membranes
outline key structural features of a prokaryotic cell as found in a typical bacterium, including: • unicellular • generally 1–5 µm diameter • peptidoglycan cell walls • circular DNA • 70S ribosomes • absence of organelles surrounded by double membranes
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How to draw cells from microscope slides and photomicrographs
How to draw cells from microscope slides and photomicrographs
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define resolution and magnification and explain the differences between these terms, with reference to light microscopy and electron microscopy
define resolution and magnification and explain the differences between these terms, with reference to light microscopy and electron microscopy
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use an eyepiece graticule and stage micrometer scale to make measurements and use the appropriate units, millimetre (mm), micrometre (µm) and nanometre (nm)
use an eyepiece graticule and stage micrometer scale to make measurements and use the appropriate units, millimetre (mm), micrometre (µm) and nanometre (nm)
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Top Questions
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Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of genetically modifying crops, including soya, maize and rice
Genetically modified (GM) crops, such as soybeans, maize, and rice,
Sourav
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Outline the process of genetic modification using bacterial production of a human protein as an example, limited to: (a) isolation of the DNA making up a human gene using restriction enzymes, forming sticky ends (b) cutting of bacterial plasmid DNA with the same restriction enzymes, forming complementary sticky ends (c) insertion of human DNA into bacterial plasmid DNA using DNA ligase to form a recombinant plasmid (d) insertion of recombinant plasmids into bacteria (specific details are not required) (e) multiplication of bacteria containing recombinant plasmids (f) expression in bacteria of the human gene to make the human protein
<h2 class="mb-2 mt-6 text-lg first:mt-3">Process of Genetic Modification Using Bacterial
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Outline examples of genetic modification: (a) the insertion of human genes into bacteria to produce human proteins (b) the insertion of genes into crop plants to confer resistance to herbicides (c) the insertion of genes into crop plants to confer resistance to insect pests (d) the insertion of genes into crop plants to improve nutritional qualities
<h2 class="mb-2 mt-6 text-lg first:mt-3">Examples of Genetic Modification</h2> Genetic modification involves
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Describe genetic modification as changing the genetic material of an organism by removing, changing or inserting individual genes
Genetic modification (GM) refers to the deliberate alteration of an
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Describe and explain the conditions that need to be controlled in a fermenter, including: temperature, pH, oxygen, nutrient supply and waste products
<h2 class="mb-2 mt-6 text-lg first:mt-3">Conditions to Control in a Fermenter</h2> Fermenters
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Describe how fermenters can be used for the large-scale production of useful products by bacteria and fungi, including insulin, penicillin and mycoprotein
<h2 class="mb-2 mt-6 text-lg first:mt-3">The Use of Fermenters for Large-Scale
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Explain the use of lactase to produce lactosefree milk
<h2 class="mb-2 mt-6 text-lg first:mt-3">The Use of Lactase to Produce
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