Describe genetic modification as changing the genetic material of an organism by removing, changing or inserting individual genes

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Describe and explain the conditions that need to be controlled in a fermenter, including: temperature, pH, oxygen, nutrient supply and waste products

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Describe how fermenters can be used for the large-scale production of useful products by bacteria and fungi, including insulin, penicillin and mycoprotein

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Explain the use of lactase to produce lactosefree milk

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Investigate and describe the use of biological washing powders that contain enzymes

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Describe the use of pectinase in fruit juice production

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Describe the role of anaerobic respiration in yeast during bread-making

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Describe the role of anaerobic respiration in yeast during the production of ethanol for biofuels

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Discuss why bacteria are useful in biotechnology and genetic modification, limited to: (a) few ethical concerns over their manipulation and growth (b) the presence of plasmids

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State that bacteria are useful in biotechnology and genetic modification due to their rapid reproduction rate and their ability to make complex molecules

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