Sourav Pan
14 min read 
What is R Programming Language? R is predominantly used for statistical computing and graphics. It was devised in the early 1990s at the University of Auckland in New Zealand by Ross Ihaka and Robert Gentleman. R offers a vast array of statistical and graphical techniques and is extensively utilised in a variety of fields, including … Read more
0 revisions 35 min read 
A phylogenetic tree (also phylogeny or evolutionary tree) is a branching diagram or a tree that illustrates the evolutionary relationships between various biological species or other entities based on similarities and differences in their physical or genetic characteristics. All life on Earth belongs to a singular phylogenetic tree, indicating a shared ancestry. In a rooted … Read more
12 min read 
Understanding the evolutionary connections and interdependence of various species is a fundamental aspect of biology. Phylogenetic trees, also known as evolutionary trees or cladograms, illustrate the common ancestry and divergence of species over time. Constructing a phylogenetic tree is an effective method for deciphering the intricate tapestry of life on Earth and obtaining insight into … Read more
0 revisions 37 min read 
What is Dark Field Microscopy? Definition of Dark Field Microscope A darkfield microscope is a type of optical microscope that uses oblique illumination to light the specimen, causing it to appear bright against a dark background. This technique enhances the visibility of transparent and living specimens by excluding the unscattered light from the image. Principle … Read more
0 revisions 31 min read 
The concept of using fluorescence to study biological materials dates back to the late 19th century, but the first practical fluorescence microscope was not developed until the 1930s. In 1938, Robert Goldstein and Richard Manly, researchers at the University of California, Berkeley, published a paper describing the use of fluorescence to study cells and tissues … Read more
0 revisions 28 min read 
What is Diaphragm of a Microscope? History of Diaphragm Definition of Diaphragm of a Microscope The diaphragm of a microscope is a component that controls the amount of light that passes through the specimen being observed. It is typically located between the light source and the stage, and consists of a series of adjustable blades … Read more
0 revisions 33 min read 
UV-Vis Spectroscopy, short for Ultraviolet-Visible Spectroscopy, is an analytical technique widely used in the fields of chemistry, physics, biochemistry, and molecular biology. It’s based on the absorption or transmission of UV and visible light by substances. At its core, UV-Vis Spectroscopy involves shining ultraviolet or visible light through a sample and measuring how much of … Read more
0 revisions 15 min read 
UV Spectroscopy is a scientific method that’s like a detective tool for scientists. It helps them understand what’s happening in a molecule when it interacts with light, specifically ultraviolet light. This type of light is invisible to our eyes but plays a crucial role in the world of molecules. Imagine a molecule as a tiny, … Read more
0 revisions 19 min read 
What is Objective Lens? Purpose of Objective Lenses Objective lenses serve several key purposes in optical instruments, playing a critical role in magnification, image formation, and resolution. The primary purposes of objective lenses include: Specification of Objective Lens The specification of an objective lens encompasses several key parameters that define its performance and suitability for … Read more
0 revisions 48 min read 
What are Microscopes? Parts of a Microscope The microscope parts are divided into two main categories, such as; Structural parts of a microscope and their functions Structural parts of a microscope Location Function Head (Body Tube) Situated at the microscope’s apex. Serves as a pivotal connector, linking the eyepiece to the objective lenses, ensuring a … Read more