The primary functions of telomeres are to protect the ends of chromosomes from degradation, damage, and fusion with other chromosomes during cell division. Telomeres also prevent the loss of essential genetic material during DNA replication by acting as a protective buffer at the chromosome ends. As cells divide, the telomeres naturally shorten, serving as a mechanism to limit the number of divisions a cell can undergo. This contributes to the aging process and acts as a safeguard against cancer by preventing excessive cell proliferation. Telomeres help maintain genomic stability and cellular function over time.
