Identify in diagrams and images specific endocrine glands and state the hormones they secrete, limited to: (a) adrenal glands and adrenaline (b) pancreas and insulin (c) testes and testosterone (d) ovaries and oestrogen

Here’s an overview of specific endocrine glands, their locations, and the hormones they secrete, along with diagrams to illustrate their positions:

(a) Adrenal Glands and Adrenaline

• Location: The adrenal glands are located on top of each kidney. Each gland consists of an outer cortex and an inner medulla.
• Hormone Secreted: The adrenal medulla secretes adrenaline (also known as epinephrine), which is involved in the body’s “fight or flight” response. It increases heart rate, blood pressure, and energy availability during stressful situations.

(b) Pancreas and Insulin

• Location: The pancreas is located behind the stomach and is part of both the digestive and endocrine systems.
• Hormone Secreted: The pancreas contains clusters of cells known as the islets of Langerhans, where insulin is produced by beta cells. Insulin regulates blood glucose levels by facilitating the uptake of glucose into cells.

(c) Testes and Testosterone

• Location: The testes are located in the scrotum, external to the body cavity.
• Hormone Secreted: The testes produce testosterone, which is responsible for the development of male secondary sexual characteristics, sperm production, and overall male reproductive function.

(d) Ovaries and Oestrogen

• Location: The ovaries are located in the pelvic cavity, one on each side of the uterus.
• Hormone Secreted: The ovaries produce oestrogen (estrogen), which regulates female reproductive functions, menstrual cycles, and secondary sexual characteristics.