SouravNovember 7, 2024

Answered step-by-step

Living organisms are fundamentally composed of cells, which are often referred to as the basic units of life. This concept is a cornerstone of biology and is encapsulated in the cell theory, which states that:

1. All living organisms are made up of one or more cells: This includes unicellular organisms, such as bacteria and protozoa, as well as multicellular organisms like plants, animals, and fungi.
2. The cell is the basic unit of structure and organization in organisms: Cells provide structure to living organisms and perform essential functions necessary for life. Each cell type has a specific role that contributes to the organism’s overall functioning.
3. All cells arise from pre-existing cells: This principle highlights that cells do not spontaneously generate; instead, they divide and reproduce from existing cells, ensuring continuity of life.

Types of Cells

Cells can be broadly categorized into two types:

• Prokaryotic Cells: These are simpler cells without a nucleus or membrane-bound organelles. They are typically smaller and include bacteria and archaea.
• Eukaryotic Cells: These are more complex and contain a nucleus and various organelles (like mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, etc.). Eukaryotic cells make up plants, animals, fungi, and protists.

Functions of Cells

Cells perform a variety of functions essential for life, including:

• Metabolism: Cells carry out biochemical reactions that convert nutrients into energy.
• Growth and Reproduction: Cells can grow and divide to form new cells, allowing for growth and reproduction of the organism.
• Response to Stimuli: Cells can respond to environmental changes, which is crucial for survival.
• Homeostasis: Cells help maintain a stable internal environment despite external changes.