Sourav Pan

Academic Writer, Microbiology Specialist | M.Sc. Microbiology, Calcutta University, Founder of Biologynotesonline.com

Sourav is the founder and sole author of Biology Notes Online. He holds a Master’s degree in Microbiology from Calcutta University and has over 5 years of experience in academic writing, life science content creation. His content reflects hands-on lab expertise, deep subject knowledge, and a strong passion for simplifying biology for students. Whether it’s genetics, microscopy, or metabolic pathways — Sourav explains it in a way that’s accurate, exam-focused, and easy to remember. He regularly updates and fact-checks all the material published on this site, ensuring students get trustworthy and updated biology notes with references to real scientific sources.

Hematocrit Centrifuge – Definition, Principle, Parts, Uses

• Published on February 21, 2025 • 10 min readby Sourav Pan

What is Hematocrit Centrifuge? Working Principle of Hematocrit centrifuge Parts of Hematocrit centrifuge Operating Procedure of Hematocrit centrifuge How to load hematocrit blood test into centrifuge? Applications of hematocrit centrifuge Advantages of hematocrit centrifuge Limitations of hematocrit centrifuge FAQ

Centrifugal Separators – Working Principle, Parts, Types, Uses

• Published on February 20, 2025 • 11 min readby Sourav Pan

What is Centrifugal Separators? Working Principle of Centrifugal Separator What Can a Centrifugal Separator Separate? Instrumentation/Parts of Centrifugal Separators Centrifugal separators have these major parts: Types of Centrifugal Separators Operating Procedure of Centrifugal Separators Uses of Centrifugal Separator Advantages of Centrifugal Separators Limitations of Centrifugal Separators Areas of Application of Centrifugal Separators Tips to Improve … Read more

Decanter centrifuge – Principle, Types, Parts, Uses

• Published on February 19, 2025 • 12 min readby Sourav Pan

What is Decanter centrifuge? Working Principle of Decanter Centrifuges Operating on the basis of buoyancy, a decanter centrifuge separates While a less dense component would float on top, a component with more density would naturally sink to the bottom of a mixture. In a decanter centrifuge, constant spinning improves the speed of settling and generates … Read more

Water Distiller – Working Principle, Parts, Types, Uses

• Published on February 18, 2025 • 22 min readby Sourav Pan

What is a water distiller? Definition Water distiller A water distiller is a device that purifies water by heating it to produce steam, then cooling and condensing the steam to remove impurities. This process helps remove contaminants such as bacteria, viruses, heavy metals, and minerals, resulting in purified and distilled water. Principle of Water Distiller … Read more

Microsporogenesis – Definition, Process, Structure, Importance

• Published on February 17, 2025 • 12 min readby Sourav Pan

What is Microsporogenesis? Definition of microsporogenesis Microsporogenesis is the process in which diploid microspore mother cells undergo meiosis to form haploid microspores, which eventually develop into pollen grains in plants. Where does microsporogenesis occur? Structure of Stamen Structure of microsporangium Process of Microsporogenesis in Plants In flowering plants, microsporogenesis is the process by which precursors … Read more

Bench Top Centrifuge – Principle, Types, Parts, Uses

• Published on February 16, 2025 • 10 min readby Sourav Pan

What is Bench top centrifuge? Types of Benchtop Centrifuges There are several types of benchtop centrifuges, including: Types of Rotors used in Centrifuges A centrifuge can make use of a variety of rotors, including: Principle of Benchtop Centrifuges Parts of Benchtop Centrifuges Though the particular model will affect the elements of a benchtop centrifuge, most … Read more

PRP Centrifuge – Definition, Types, Parts, Applications

• Published on February 16, 2025 • 7 min readby Sourav Pan

What is PRP Centrifuge? Types of PRP Centrifuge Platelet-Rich Plasma (PRP) centrifuges extract and concentrate platelets from blood samples for therapeutic use. The centrifuge type used can affect PRP quality and effectiveness. Main PRP centrifuge types: In addition to centrifuges, PRP preparation techniques vary: Consider the application, platelet concentration, processing volume, and budget while choosing … Read more

Different Laboratory Instruments for Measuring Volumes

• Published on February 16, 2025 • 22 min readby Sourav Pan

For the creation of solutions and manipulation of liquids, numerous vessels and apparatuses are employed in the laboratory. They differ in their intended application and precision. Volumes must always be measured at a constant temperature because changes in temperature result in volume changes owing to thermal expansion. At 10 °C, water has a substantially smaller … Read more

Membrane Bioreactor (MBR) – Principle, Types, Process, Uses

• Published on February 15, 2025 • 29 min readby Sourav Pan

Combining a biological process with membrane filtration, a membrane bioreactor (MBR) wastewater treatment device separates particulates from treated water. It combines microfiltration or ultrafiltration membranes retaining biomass and pollutants with an activated sludge process—where microorganisms break down organic pollutants. MBRs successfully remove suspended particles, bacteria, and viruses by substituting membranes for traditional secondary clarifiers, therefore … Read more

Dounce Homogenizer – Principle, Types, Procedure, Parts, Uses

• Published on February 15, 2025 • 9 min readby Sourav Pan

What is Dounce Homogenizer? Working Principle of Dounce Homogenizer Prats of Dounce Homogenizer The main parts of a Dounce homogenizer are: Operating Procedure of Dounce Homogenizer Types of Dounce Homogenizer Designed for the mild and effective homogenizing of biological materials, like tissues and cells, dounce homogenizers are specialist laboratory tools. They comprise two well made … Read more