BNO Team 
17 min read 
To identify bacteria in food, microscopic examination is the first step. It can determine the structure, shape, size, aggregation and staining reactions. These characteristics could be particularly important.
14 min read 
When food is called “spoiled”, it usually means that there is decay or decomposition of an unfavorable nature. Foods unfit for consumption are not considered spoiled. Spoiling could be caused by one or more of these:
12 min read 
Unwanted microorganisms can cause food to be contaminated. The contamination is usually natural, but it can also be artificial. Natural contamination is when microorganisms attach to food during its growing stages. For example, Fruits are often contaminated by yeasts, which ferment the fruits’ carbohydrates. Artificial contamination is when food is improperly handled or processed.
26 min read 
Food preservation methods have resulted in increasing the duration or shelf time of food items through using a variety of preservation methods.
33 min read 
Low temperatures are employed to stop chemical reactions and the action of enzymes in food and to stop or slow the development and activities of microorganisms found in food items.
31 min read 
The utilization of high temperatures to preserve food items is based on their damaging effects on microorganisms as well as their spores.
38 min read 
Food Preservation by Drying Purpose of drying The purpose of drying in food processing is multi-fold and serves several important functions. Here are the key purposes of drying: Principle of Preservation by Drying/ Dehydration/ Concentration The principle of drying in food processing is based on the state of water in the food and its effect … Read more
8 min read 
Foods that are both animal and plant source play a significant role in the development of microbial communities. The ability of microorganisms develop or multiply in such food is contingent on the environment.
31 min read 
Interactions between microorganisms, animals, and plants are constant and natural. The ecological function of microorganisms and their role in the various biochemical cycles of nature are clearly documented. The human food supply is primarily composed of animals and plants or products that are derived from them, it’s reasonable to assume that the food we consume may contain microorganisms that interact with food.
32 min read 
Fermentation is among the oldest techniques for processing food. The term “fermentation” refers to a procedure where chemical changes take place in organic substrates through the action of enzymes created by microorganisms. For instance yeast enzymes transform starches and sugars into alcohol, and proteins are transformed into peptides or amino acids. The fermentation process takes place without oxygen which produces ATP (energy).