Formation and Fate of Germ Layers
What is Germ layer? Fate of The germ layers 1. Ectoderm 2. Mesoderm 3. Endoderm 4. Neural crest Formation of Three Germ Layers (i) Formation of Endoderm (ii) Formation of Mesoderm (iii) Formation of Ectoderm FAQ
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Extra-embryonic Membranes in Chick – Definition, Types, Development, Functions
What is Extra-embryonic Membranes? Types of Extra-Embryonic Membranes During chick development, four types of extra-embryonic membranes are formed: Each of these extra-embryonic membranes is composed of two germ layers. The amnion and chorion consist of the extra-embryonic ectoderm and the somatic layer of mesoderm, collectively known as the somatopleure. On the other hand, the yolk … Read more
Implantation of embryo in Humans – Definition, Process
What is Implantation? Time of Implantation Site of Implantation Implantation stages Implantation is a complex process that involves a series of stages in the embryonic development of mammals. These stages are crucial for the successful attachment and invasion of the blastocyst into the uterine wall. The five recognized stages of implantation are migration and hatching, … Read more
Placenta – Definition, Structure, Types, Functions
What is Placenta? Definition of Placenta The placenta is a temporary organ that develops during pregnancy and connects the developing baby to the mother’s uterus. It provides oxygen, nutrients, and eliminates waste products from the baby’s blood. Types of Placenta There are several types of placenta, characterized by different factors and arrangements. Here are the … Read more
Ethology (Animal Behaviour) Introduction, History
What is Ethology? Definition of Ethology Ethology is the scientific study of animal behavior in natural conditions, focusing on understanding behavior as an evolutionary adaptation. History of Ethology The history of ethology is a fascinating journey that has shaped our understanding of animal behavior and its evolutionary roots. Charles Darwin, renowned for his groundbreaking work … Read more
Mechanisms of Behaviour
What is Animal Behaviour? Mechanisms of Behaviour Mechanisms of behavior play a crucial role in understanding how animals respond to their environment. Here are some key mechanisms: Understanding these mechanisms helps researchers unravel the intricate ways in which behavior is shaped and regulated in animals. By studying innate behaviors, instincts, stimulus filtering, sign stimuli, and … Read more
Orientation Patterns of Behaviour
What is Orientation? In animal behavior, orientation refers to the ability of an animal to determine and maintain a specific direction or position in relation to its environment. It involves the animal’s ability to perceive and respond to various stimuli, such as light, gravity, magnetic fields, landmarks, and chemical cues, in order to navigate and … Read more
Learning Behaviour – Definition, Types, Examples
What is Learning Behaviour? Learning by Animals Learning in animals is a fascinating subject that has captivated the attention of animal behaviorists. Understanding how animals learn and the mechanisms involved has been a topic of extensive research. Heyes (1994) has identified three commonly recognized types of experiences that can result in learning. The first type … Read more
Honey bee – Definition, Types, Behaviour
What is Honey bee? Types of Honey bee There are several different types or species of honey bees. The most well-known and widely recognized species is the Western honey bee (Apis mellifera), which is native to Europe, Africa, and the Middle East. However, there are other species of honey bees as well. Here are a … Read more
Altruism among Animals – Definition and Evolution
What is Altruism? Evolution of Altruism The evolution of altruism has been a subject of fascination for socio-biologists, as seemingly selfless behavior can be observed in various animals, including humans. Over the past two decades, researchers have put forth three explanations to shed light on the evolution of altruistic behavior. The first explanation revolves around … Read more