NIH and DOE sign agreement to coordinate human genome research efforts
genomics
Human Genome Project Official Launch
1990
The Human Genome Project starts with a five-year plan to map and sequence the human genome
genomics
Revised Project Goals
1993
HGP updates objectives to complete detailed genetic and physical maps by 1998
genomics
Genetic Linkage Map Published
1995
Researchers publish a detailed genetic linkage map of the human genome
genomics
Physical Map Completed
1996
Completion of the physical map provides framework for sequencing the human genome
initiating full-scale genome sequencing
Pilot Sequencing Phase Completed
1999
HGP finishes pilot sequencing phase
genomics
Working Draft Announced
2000
International collaboration releases a working draft sequence of the human genome
000 human genes
Initial Genome Analysis Published
2001
HGP publishes initial analysis estimating approximately 35
genomics
Human Genome Project Completed
2003
Complete human genome sequence published with detailed scientific description
filling gaps and correcting errors
Telomere-to-Telomere Genome Completion
2022
T2T Consortium sequences first fully complete human genome
expanding variation knowledge
Human Pangenome Draft Published
2023
Draft human pangenome reference released based on 47 diverse genomes
19881990199319951996199920002001200320222023
Human Genome Project Milestones
Here is a detailed timeline of the Human Genome Project (HGP), highlighting its major milestones:
1988: The National Institutes of Health (NIH) and the Department of Energy (DOE) sign a memorandum of understanding to coordinate research and technical activities related to the human genome.
1990: The Human Genome Project officially begins with a five-year plan to map and sequence the human genome.
1993: The HGP revises its goals, aiming to complete a detailed genetic and physical map of the human genome by 1998.
1995: Researchers publish a detailed genetic linkage map of the human genome, marking a significant milestone in the project.
1996: The HGP completes a physical map of the human genome, providing a backbone for sequencing efforts.
1999: The HGP successfully completes the pilot phase of sequencing the human genome, launching the full-scale effort to sequence all 3 billion base pairs.
2000: An international collaboration announces the completion of a “working draft” sequence of the human genome.
2001: The HGP publishes an initial analysis of the human genome sequence, estimating the number of human genes to be about 35,000.
2003: The Human Genome Project is completed, with researchers publishing a detailed scientific description of the finished human genome sequence.
2022: The Telomere-to-Telomere (T2T) Consortium announces the completion of the first fully sequenced human genome, filling in the remaining gaps and correcting previous errors.
2023: A draft human pangenome reference is published, based on 47 genomes from individuals of diverse ethnic backgrounds, providing a more comprehensive map of human genetic variation.
