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• The denaturation of three different proteins (P, Q and R) at different temperatures were investigated. The more denatured a protein is, the less stable the molecule becomes. The following graph shows the results of this investigation.
• Amino acids are used to make proteins. Table 1 shows the R groups of six different amino acids.
• In the study of plant biology, a key structural component of plant cell walls is cellulose. Specic bonds within cellulose allow the cellulose bers to provide rigidity and support to plant cells. Which of the following best describes the bonds formed between monomer units during the formation of cellulose?
• Researchers produced a particular type of reactive molecule, known as a radical, that can interact with a protein’s amino acids at a molecular level. Under certain conditions, the radical molecules selectively react to break carbon-carbon bonds within an amino acid, meaning that protein editing can be achieved. Which of the following best predicts the location of where the radicle interacts?
• Proteins play a key role in many biological functions. Insulin is a protein hormone that regulates blood sugar levels. Insulin is composed of chains of amino acids, which are linked together through specic covalent bonds during its synthesis in the pancreas. Which of the following represents the type of bonds that connect the monomers in insulin?