AP Biology MCQ: Biological Macromolecules

Question 1

The denaturation of three different proteins (P, Q and R) at different temperatures were investigated. The more denatured a protein is, the less stable the molecule becomes. The following graph shows the results of this investigation. Which of the following would be the most valid conclusion that the scientists can draw
from these results?

Accepted Answer

Protein R would be more stable and had a lower rate of denaturation above 70°C compared to protein Q, while protein P was the least heat tolerant of all the proteins

Answer

Protein R would be less stable and had a lower rate of denaturation above 70°C compared to protein Q, while protein P was fully denatured by 80°C

Answer

Protein Q would be more stable and had a lower rate of denaturation below 70°C compared to protein R, while protein P was fully denatured by 80°C

Answer

Protein Q would be less stable and had a higher rate of denaturation below 70°C compared to protein R, while protein P was the least heat tolerant of all the proteins

Question 2

Amino acids are used to make proteins. Table 1 shows the R groups of six different amino acids.

Accepted Answer

Serine, alanine, aspartic acid

Answer

Glutamic acid, alanine, asparagine

Answer

Aspartic acid, glycine, serine

Answer

Serine, asparagine, alanine,

Question 3

In the study of plant biology, a key structural component of plant cell walls is cellulose. Specic bonds within cellulose allow the cellulose bers to provide rigidity and support to plant cells. Which of the following best describes the bonds formed between monomer units during the formation of cellulose?

Accepted Answer

C-C covalent bonds

Answer

Hydrogen bonds

Answer

Peptide bond

Answer

Disulphide bridge

Question 4

Researchers produced a particular type of reactive molecule, known as a radical, that can interact with a protein's amino acids at a molecular level. Under certain conditions, the radical molecules selectively react to break carbon-carbon bonds within an amino acid, meaning that protein editing can be achieved. Which of the following best predicts the location of where the radicle interacts?

Accepted Answer

Radicles interact with the R-group of an amino acid

Answer

Radicles interact with the peptide bond of an amino acid

Answer

Radicles interact with the amino group of an amino acid

Answer

Radicles interact with the peptide bond of a di-peptide

Question 5

Proteins play a key role in many biological functions. Insulin is a protein hormone that regulates blood sugar levels. Insulin is composed of chains of amino acids, which are linked together through specic covalent bonds during its synthesis in the pancreas. Which of the following represents the type of bonds that connect the monomers in insulin?

Accepted Answer

Monomers in insulin are connected via a peptide bond between the carboxylic group of one amino acid and the amino group of a neighboring amino acid.

Answer

Monomers in insulin are connected via a peptide bond between the carboxylic groups of two amino acids.

Answer

Monomers in insulin are connected via a peptide bond between the amino group of two amino acids.

Answer

Monomers in insulin are connected via a peptide bond between the R group of one amino acid and the amino group of a neighboring amino acid.