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51 The data over the duration of the experiment provide the strongest support for which of the following conclusions regarding the effect of the parasite on Tribolium populations?

  • A) T. confusum is adversely affected by the parasite, while T. castaneum is not.
  • B) T. castaneum is adversely affected by the parasite, while T. confusum is not.
  • C) Both T. confusum and T. castaneum are adversely affected by the parasite.
  • D) Both T. confusum and T. castaneum show increased fitness in the presence of the parasite.
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54 The vertebrate forelimb initially develops in the embryo as a solid mass of tissue. As development progresses, the solid mass near the end of the forelimb is remodeled into individual digits. Which of the following best explains the role of apoptosis in remodeling of the forelimb?

  • A) Apoptosis replaces old cells with new ones that are less likely to contain mutations.
  • B) Apoptosis involves the regulated activation of proteins in specific cells of the developing forelimb that leads to the death of those cells.
  • C) Apoptosis involves the destruction of extra cells in the developing forelimb, which provides nutrients for phagocytic cells.
  • D) Apoptosis in the developing forelimb triggers the differentiation of cells whose fate was not already determined.
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58 The divergence between the two populations of Rhagoletis must have occurred very rapidly because

  • A) The apple tree was imported into North America with European settlement approximately 200 years ago
  • B) Flies were imported into North America with European settlement approximately 200 years ago
  • C) Long-distance rail transport of fruit increased only after the American Civil War (1861 -1865)
  • D) Heavy use of gunpowder during the American Civil War (1861 -1865) led to increased mutation rates in many natural populations of plants and animals
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59 A dog is following the scent of a jackrabbit. Which of the following accurately describes how the dog’s brain integrates information for smell?

  • A) Chemoreceptors in the brain send impulses for smell in the nasal cavity.
  • B) Chemoreceptor cells in the nasal cavity sends impulses to the appropriate area of the brain.
  • C) Chemoreceptors on epithelial cells of the tongue send hormones to the appropriate area of the brain.
  • D) Receptors originating in the nose send action potentials to the motor regions of the brain.
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