Structure of Water and Hydrogen Bonding – AP Biology Flashcard
Structure of Water and Hydrogen Bonding Flashcard
What is the chemical formula of water?
H₂O
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What is the chemical formula of water?
H₂O
What shape do water molecules have?
Bent molecular geometry
How many hydrogen atoms are in a water molecule?
Two
How many oxygen atoms are in a water molecule?
One
What type of bond holds the hydrogen and oxygen atoms in water?
Covalent bond
What is the dipole moment in water molecules?
Water has a partial negative charge on oxygen and a partial positive charge on hydrogen.
What is hydrogen bonding?
An intermolecular attraction between hydrogen and an electronegative atom.
Which atoms are primarily involved in hydrogen bonding in water?
Oxygen and hydrogen
How many hydrogen bonds can a single water molecule form?
Up to four
What is the strength of a hydrogen bond compared to a covalent bond?
About one-twentieth the strength
What property of water is attributed to hydrogen bonding?
Cohesion
What is cohesion in terms of water?
The tendency of water molecules to stick to each other.
What is adhesion in relation to water?
The tendency of water molecules to stick to other surfaces.
How does hydrogen bonding affect water's boiling point?
It raises the boiling point due to stronger intermolecular forces.
What is the role of hydrogen bonds in surface tension?
They create a "skin" on the surface of water that allows objects to float.
Why is water known as a universal solvent?
Its polarity allows it to dissolve many ionic and polar substances.
How does hydrogen bonding contribute to water's high specific heat?
It requires more energy to break the bonds, allowing for temperature regulation.
What is evaporative cooling?
The process where water absorbs heat as it evaporates, cooling the surface.
What is the relationship between temperature and water density?
Water is densest at 4°C and expands upon freezing.
How does hydrogen bonding affect the structure of ice?
It forms a crystalline structure that is less dense than liquid water.
What is a hydration shell?
A structure formed when water molecules surround solute particles.
How does hydrogen bonding impact plant structure?
It provides turgor pressure, maintaining the rigidity of plant cells.
What role does water play in biochemical reactions?
It serves as a solvent and medium for metabolic processes.
What is the effect of hydrogen bonding on DNA structure?
It stabilizes the double helix through base pairing interactions.
How do hydrogen bonds affect protein folding?
They help determine the secondary and tertiary structures of proteins.
What is the effect of temperature on hydrogen bonds in water?
Higher temperatures lead to bond breaking, while lower temperatures favor bonding.
How do water molecules interact with ions?
Water molecules surround and stabilize ions through hydration.
What is the significance of water's high heat of vaporization?
It helps regulate climate and temperature in living organisms.
How does the polarity of water influence solubility?
Polar substances dissolve well in water, while non-polar substances do not.
What phenomenon allows insects to walk on water?
Surface tension due to hydrogen bonding.
How do hydrogen bonds contribute to the stability of liquid water?
They create a network that holds molecules together, giving liquid water its unique properties.
What is the role of hydrogen bonding in capillary action?
It allows water to rise in narrow spaces, such as in plant roots.
How does water's unique structure affect its boiling and melting points?
Hydrogen bonding results in higher boiling and melting points compared to similar molecules.
What is the role of hydrogen bonds in molecular interactions?
They facilitate transient and specific interactions between molecules.
How do hydrogen bonds contribute to water's low compressibility?
The strong intermolecular interactions resist changes in volume under pressure.
How does water's hydrogen bonding influence climate regulation?
It moderates temperature fluctuations in the environment.
What is the significance of water in supporting life?
Its unique properties, driven by hydrogen bonding, are essential for biochemical processes.