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251 The divergence between the two populations of Rhagoletis must have occurred very rapidly because

A: The apple tree was imported into North America with European settlement approximately 200 years ago

B: Flies were imported into North America with European settlement approximately 200 years ago

C: Long-distance rail transport of fruit increased only after the American Civil War (1861 -1865)

D: Heavy use of gunpowder during the American Civil War (1861 -1865) led to increased mutation rates in many natural populations of plants and animals

Microbiology MCQ
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252 A common laboratory investigation involves putting a solution of starch and glucose into a dialysis bag and suspending the bag in a beaker of water, as shown in the figure below. The investigation is aimed at understanding how molecular size affects movement through a membrane. Which of the following best represents the amount of starch, water, and glucose in the dialysis bag over the course of the investigation?

A: A)

Microbiology MCQ
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253 Data regarding the presence (+) or absence (-) of five derived traits in several different species are shown in the table below. Which of the following cladograms provides the simplest and most accurate representation of the data in the table?

A: A)

Microbiology MCQ
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254 What most likely causes the trends in oxygen concentration shown in the graph above?

A: The water becomes colder at night and thus holds more oxygen.

B: Respiration in most organisms increases at night.

C: More organisms are respiring at night than during the day.

D: Photosynthesis produces more oxygen than is consumed by respiration during the day.

Microbiology MCQ
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255 The vertebrate forelimb initially develops in the embryo as a solid mass of tissue. As development progresses, the solid mass near the end of the forelimb is remodeled into individual digits. Which of the following best explains the role of apoptosis in remodeling of the forelimb?

A: Apoptosis replaces old cells with new ones that are less likely to contain mutations.

B: Apoptosis involves the regulated activation of proteins in specific cells of the developing forelimb that leads to the death of those cells.

C: Apoptosis involves the destruction of extra cells in the developing forelimb, which provides nutrients for phagocytic cells.

D: Apoptosis in the developing forelimb triggers the differentiation of cells whose fate was not already determined.

Microbiology MCQ
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256 If the experiment was continued for an additional 500 days, the population density of T. castaneum with the parasite would most likely stabilize at a value closest to which of the following?

A: 5 beetles/culture dish

B: 10 beetles/culture dish

C: 20 beetles/culture dish

D: 25 beetles/culture dish

Microbiology MCQ
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257 In Figure I, the difference between the two curves can best be attributed to which of the following?

A: The difference between controlled laboratory conditions and the natural environment.

B: The effect of the host on its parasite.

C: The influence of competition for limited resources.

D: The natural variation among populations.

Microbiology MCQ
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258 The data over the duration of the experiment provide the strongest support for which of the following conclusions regarding the effect of the parasite on Tribolium populations?

A: T. confusum is adversely affected by the parasite, while T. castaneum is not.

B: T. castaneum is adversely affected by the parasite, while T. confusum is not.

C: Both T. confusum and T. castaneum are adversely affected by the parasite.

D: Both T. confusum and T. castaneum show increased fitness in the presence of the parasite.

Microbiology MCQ
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259 Under which of the following conditions is the observed number of beetles per culture dish the greatest?

A: T. confusum with parasite at 500 days

B: T. confusum without parasite at 300 days

C: T. castaneum with parasite at 100 days

D: T. castaneum with parasite at 600 days

Microbiology MCQ
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260 A researcher is investigating the relationship between the existing species diversity in a community and the ability of an introduced nonnative species to destabilize the community. Which of the following graphs is most consistent with the claim that communities with high diversity are more resistant to change than are communities with low diversity?

A: D)

Microbiology MCQ
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