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Chlamydomonas The Microscopic Green Algae Explained
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May 12, 2025
Chlamydomonas The Microscopic Green Algae Explained Dive into the fascinating world of Chlamydomonas, a microscopic green algae that plays a crucial role in aquatic ecosystems. In this video, we explore the unique characteristics, life cycle, and ecological significance of Chlamydomonas. Discover how this single-celled organism contributes to oxygen production and serves as a vital food source for various aquatic organisms. We will also discuss its potential applications in biotechnology and environmental science. Join us for an in-depth look at this remarkable organism and its impact on our planet. #Chlamydomonas #GreenAlgae #Microbiology Website: https://biologynotesonline.com/ Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/biologynotesonline Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/biologynotesonline/?hl=en green algae,chlamydomonas,algae,examples of green algae – chlamydomonas,microscopic algae,chlamydomonas reinhardtii,chlamydomonas (organism classification),why do green algae appear on the surface of water,green algae for class 11 th,green algae for neet,blue green algae,green algae appear on surface on water,chlamydomonas zoospore,reproduction in chlamydomonas,#chlamydomonas,asexual reproduction in chlamydomonas,structure of chlamydomonas
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0:00
introduction to clidamonus a fascinating
0:02
genus of unicellular green
0:04
algae these single-sellled organisms are
0:07
found in various environments they
0:10
thrive in freshwater ponds and lakes
0:12
moist soil environments and even on damp
0:15
tree bark chidamonus has two distinctive
0:18
features that make it remarkable first
0:21
chidamonus cells have two fleella which
0:24
are whip-like structures used for
0:25
movement
0:28
second they contain chloroplasts which
0:31
allow them to photosynthesize converting
0:33
sunlight into
0:38
energy clomidamonus serves as an
0:40
important model organism in biological
0:42
research scientists use it to study
0:45
photosynthesis fleeller movement and
0:47
structure cellular responses to light
0:50
and for various genetic research and
0:52
biotechnology applications to summarize
0:55
cladomonus is a unicellular green algae
0:57
with two fleella for movement and
0:59
photosynthetic capability found in
1:01
various moist
1:05
environments now we'll examine the
1:07
external features of clidamonus a
1:09
fascinating unicellular green alga
1:11
unlike plant cells that have cellulose
1:13
cell walls clidamonus has a cell wall
1:16
made primarily of glyoproteins arranged
1:18
in seven layers
1:21
a distinctive feature of clamidamonus is
1:23
its two anterior fugella which emerge
1:26
from the apical end of the
1:28
cell these fugella move in a coordinated
1:31
breast stroke pattern during the power
1:33
stroke the fleella sweep backward to
1:35
propel the cell
1:36
forward in the recovery stroke the
1:39
fleella curl and return to their initial
1:41
position with minimal resistance through
1:43
the water
1:46
this coordinated fleeller movement
1:48
enables clidamonus to navigate through
1:50
water toward light or
1:53
nutrients to summarize clamdomonus has a
1:56
glyoprotein cell wall and two interior
1:59
fugella that enable its distinctive
2:01
movement pattern for finding optimal
2:03
light and
2:07
nutrients clidamonus contains several
2:10
specialized internal organels that
2:12
perform essential cellular functions
2:16
the most prominent organel is the
2:18
cupshaped chloroplast it contains
2:21
chlorophyll which captures light energy
2:23
for
2:24
photosynthesis the chloroplast contains
2:26
stacked membranes called philyloids
2:29
where the light dependent reactions
2:31
occur within the chloroplast is a
2:34
specialized structure called the pyonoid
2:36
the pyonoid is crucial for carbon
2:38
fixation containing high concentrations
2:40
of the enzyme rubiscoco which captures
2:43
carbon dioxide for the Calvin
2:47
cycle the nucleus contains the cell's
2:50
genetic material in the form of DNA it
2:52
directs cellular activities by
2:54
controlling gene expression within the
2:56
nucleus is a darker region called the
2:58
nucleolus where ribosomal RNA is
3:01
produced
3:04
mitochondria are the powerhouses of the
3:06
cell even though clamdomonus can
3:09
photosynthesize it still needs
3:10
mitochondria to generate ATP through
3:13
cellular respiration especially when
3:15
light is
3:17
unavailable the Golgi apparatus
3:20
processes and packages proteins and
3:22
lipids produced in the cell these
3:25
materials are then transported to other
3:26
parts of the cell or secreted outside
3:29
via small membranebound vesicles
3:33
contractile vacules are specialized
3:36
organels that regulate water balance
3:38
since chidamonus often lives in
3:40
freshwater environments water constantly
3:43
enters the cell by osmosis these vacules
3:46
collect excess water and periodically
3:48
contract to expel it from the
3:51
cell
3:53
here we can see a complete
3:56
cross-sectional view of a clidamonus
3:58
cell showing the spatial arrangement of
4:00
all internal organels note how the
4:03
cup-shaped chloroplast occupies a large
4:06
portion of the cell with the pyonoid
4:08
embedded within it the nucleus is
4:10
positioned toward the center while other
4:12
organels like mitochondria golgi
4:15
apparatus and contractile vacules are
4:18
distributed throughout the cytoplasm to
4:20
summarize each organel performs
4:22
specialized functions that contribute to
4:24
the overall survival and reproduction of
4:27
chamomonus the chloroplast enables
4:29
photosynthesis while the pyonoid
4:31
enhances carbon fixation
4:33
efficiency the nucleus directs cellular
4:36
activities mitochondria provide energy
4:38
the Golgi apparatus processes proteins
4:41
and contractile vacules maintain water
4:43
balance in freshwater environments
4:47
clidamona species are incredibly
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adaptable microorganisms found in
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diverse habitats across the
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globe freshwater environments are the
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primary habitats for most clidimonus
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species they thrive in lakes ponds and
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slowmoving streams they typically prefer
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neutral to slightly alkaline pH and
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moderate temperatures between 20 and 25°
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their photosynthetic nature means
5:14
they're commonly found in well-lit
5:16
surface
5:19
waters several chlamidona species have
5:21
adapted to life in moist soil
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environments they're typically found in
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the top layers of nutrient-rich soils
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during dry periods these soil dwelling
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species can form protective cysts
5:34
allowing them to remain dormant for
5:36
extended periods until favorable
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conditions return
5:41
remarkably certain chamomidonus species
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have adapted to extreme environments
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including snow and alpine regions
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clidamonus nalis is famous for creating
5:51
the red snow phenomenon it produces
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carotenoid pigments that protect against
5:55
intense UV radiation and help absorb
5:58
heat these adaptations allow survival in
6:00
freezing temperatures
6:04
while most clidamonus species prefer
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fresh water several have adapted to
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brackish and even saline environments
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these salt tolerant species have evolved
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specialized ion transporters and
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mechanisms to regulate osmotic pressure
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they can be found in coastal waters salt
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marshes and estuaries with some species
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like chlidamonus pulsatilla thriving in
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fully marine environments
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clidamona species have a truly global
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distribution found on every continent
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including Antarctica they show
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remarkable adaptability across diverse
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ecosystems while greatest species
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diversity is observed in temperate
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regions specialized species have
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colonized extreme environments from sea
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level to alpine regions above 4,000 m
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clidamonus reproduces asexually by
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forming multiple daughter cells within
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the parent cell
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wall the process begins with a mature
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clidamonus cell that prepares for
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division the asexual reproduction
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process consists of several key steps
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first the cell retracts its
7:16
fleella next multiple nuclear divisions
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occur within the parent cell wall the
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cytoplasm then divides as separate cells
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begin to form finally multiple daughter
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cells form within the parent cell
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wall clamonus produces three main types
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of asexual spores under different
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environmental conditions zuspores are
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motile daughter cells with fleella
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formed under favorable conditions
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planospores are non-motile spores that
7:44
develop when nutrients are limited
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hypnospores have thick protective walls
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and form during harsh environmental
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conditions different environmental
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factors trigger specific asexual
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reproductive strategies in climatonus in
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nutrient-rich water rapid cell division
8:01
produces 2 to eight zoo spores when
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nitrogen is limited cells form
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non-motile alanoposopores during drought
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or cold conditions cells create
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resistant hypnospores with thick walls
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light and dark cycles can trigger
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synchronized division resulting in
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multiple zoo
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spores the asexual cell cycle of
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clamdomonus consists of distinct phases
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unlike most cells that divide by binary
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fision clidamonus underos multiple
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fision during its cell cycle growth
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occurs in G1 phase followed by DNA
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synthesis in Sphase after G2 preparation
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the cell undergoes multiple fishision in
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Mphase producing two to eight daughter
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cells at once unlike most ukarotes
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clamdomonus can undergo multiple rounds
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of DNA replication and nuclear division
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before the cytoplasm
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divides sexual reproduction in
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clidamonus is triggered by environmental
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stress factors these stressors include
9:00
nitrogen depletion temperature changes
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and fluctuations in light
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intensity clidamonus exhibits three
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distinct types of sexual reproduction
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isogamy occurs when two gametes of
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similar size and appearance fuse
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together anogamy involves gameamtes of
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different sizes though both remain
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motile
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ugami features a large non-motile egg
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cell and a small motile sperm
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cell after fusion the resulting zygote
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underos a series of developmental stages
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the process begins with the formation of
9:38
a diploid zygote after gameamt fusion
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the zygote develops a thick protective
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wall becoming a zygospor that can
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survive harsh conditions the zygospore
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enters a dormant phase which can last
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for extended periods during unfavorable
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conditions when conditions improve
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meiosis occurs within the zygospor
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producing hloid cells the zygospor wall
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ruptures releasing four hloid cells that
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can grow into new clidamonus
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individuals to summarize the sexual
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reproduction cycle in clamidonus begins
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with environmental stress which triggers
10:12
gameamt formation these gametes then
10:15
fuse forming a zygote that develops into
10:18
a dormant zygospore when conditions
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improve meiosis occurs completing the
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cycle by releasing hloid cells that grow
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into new individuals clidamonus has a
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tripartite genome structure meaning its
10:31
genetic material is distributed across
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three distinct cellular compartments
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these three locations are the nucleus
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which is the main genetic control center
10:40
the chloroplast which enables
10:42
photosynthesis and the mitochondrian
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which produces
10:46
energy the nuclear genome of clamdomonus
10:49
consists of 17 chromosomes with
10:52
approximately 120 million base pairs it
10:55
contains 15,000 genes
10:59
the chloroplast genome has a distinct
11:01
circular DNA structure consisting of
11:03
about 200,000 base pairs and encoding
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approximately 100 genes it's maternally
11:10
inherited and contains genes essential
11:12
for
11:13
photosynthesis unlike most mitochondrial
11:16
genomes the mitochondrial DNA of
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chlidamonus has a linear structure it's
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relatively small with only about 15 to
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20,000 base pairs encoding approximately
11:27
20 genes related to cellular
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respiration the tripartite genome
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structure of clamonus makes it
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exceptionally valuable for research it
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serves as an ideal model for studying
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organel genome evolution and
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understanding the coordination between
11:42
nuclear and organel genes clidamonus is
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unique among model organisms because all
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three of its genomes are accessible for
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experimental manipulation enabling
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researchers to study genetic
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interactions across different cellular
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compartments the three genomes differ
12:00
dramatically in size the nuclear genome
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is the largest at about 120 million base
12:06
pairs while the chloroplast genome is
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much smaller at around 200,000 base
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pairs the mitochondrial genome is the
12:14
smallest with only about 20,000 base
12:17
pairs together these three genomes
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contain all the genetic information
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needed for clamonus to grow reproduce
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and adapt to its
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environment the genus clamonus includes
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over 600 species with diverse
12:31
adaptations to varied environments
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including fresh water soil and even snow
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clidamonus rhinardi is the primary model
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organism used in research it has a fully
12:43
sequenced 120 megabase genome can be
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easily cultured in laboratories and its
12:48
hloid genetics simplifies genetic
12:51
analysis clidamonus nalis is remarkable
12:54
for containing red carotenoid pigments
12:56
that protect it from intense ultraviolet
12:59
radiation at high altitudes this species
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thrives in alpine and polar snow fields
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causing the phenomenon known as
13:06
watermelon snow pink or red colored snow
13:09
patches beyond the well-known species
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chidamonus includes many others with
13:14
remarkable adaptations clidamonus
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acidophila thrives in highly acidic
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waters with specialized cell walls
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clomidamonus uriel has adapted to marine
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environments with salt tolerance
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mechanisms
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clidamonus musi is found in soil and
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fresh water with efficient nutrient
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uptake strategies and chidamonus
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debariana survives in temporary water
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bodies through rapid reproduction cycles
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and resistant
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zygot clidamona species have evolved
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remarkable adaptations to thrive in
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diverse environments their temperature
13:48
tolerance ranges fromus35 to plus 35°
13:53
different species have adapted to pH
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levels from highly acidic to alkaline
13:58
conditions they show impressive light
14:00
adaptations from high UV resistance to
14:03
efficient photosynthesis in low light
14:06
their nutrient requirements vary widely
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allowing them to colonize environments
14:10
from pristine snow fields to
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nutrient-rich soils and waters these
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diverse adaptations across chidamonus
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species make them not only fascinating
14:19
research subjects but also important
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components of various ecosystems
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worldwide clidamonus Reinhardy serves as
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an exceptional model organism in
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biological research its rapid growth
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cycle hloid genetics transformable
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genome and fully sequenced DNA make it
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an ideal subject for laboratory studies
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researchers utilize clamdomonus to
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investigate fundamental processes like
14:43
photosynthesis fleeller movement cell
14:46
cycle regulation and chloroplast
14:48
development in natural ecosystems
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clamadomonus serves as a primary
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producer generating oxygen sequestering
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carbon and providing a crucial food
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source for aquatic organisms beyond
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basic research clamdomonus has practical
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applications in bofuel production
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recombinant protein expression
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environmental remediation and water
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quality assessment current research
15:11
continues to expand clatomonus
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applications with crisper gene editing
15:16
climate change studies synthetic biology
15:18
approaches and improved bofuel
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production technologies
15:22
the significance of Clamatomonus
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continues to grow as new technologies
15:26
enhance our ability to study and utilize
15:29
this remarkable model organism
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