Glutamate activates a number of different metabotropic receptors. The consequence of activating one subtype is the inhibition of cAMP formation. A consequence of activating a second subtype is activation of PKC. Propose mechanisms for these different effects.

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Synaptic inhibition is an important feature of the circuitry in the cerebral cortex. How would you determine whether GABA or Gly, or both, or neither, is the inhibitory neurotransmitter of the cortex?

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Compare and contrast the properties of (a) AMPA and NMDA receptors and (b) GABAA and GABAB receptors.

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What are three methods that could be used to show that a neurotransmitter receptor is synthe- sized or localized in a particular neuron?

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List the criteria that are used to determine whether a chemical serves as a neurotransmitter. What are the various experimental strategies you could use to show that ACh fulfills the criteria of a neurotransmitter at the neuromuscular junction?

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How does nerve gas lead to respiratory paralysis?

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What are the effects of strychnine on glycine receptors?

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How can electrophysiological measurements be used to study synaptic responses?

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What is the patch clamp technique, and why is it important in neuroscience?

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How do GABA and glycine function as inhibitory neurotransmitters?

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