What is ovulation, and how often does it occur in the female reproductive system?

Sourav PanNovember 12, 2024

Answered step-by-step

Ovulation is the process in the female reproductive system where a mature egg (ovum) is released from one of the ovaries. This event is a key phase of the menstrual cycle and typically occurs around the midpoint of the cycle.

Timing of Ovulation

• Frequency: Ovulation generally occurs once per menstrual cycle, which averages about 28 days but can vary between 21 to 35 days depending on the individual.
• Typical Day: In a standard 28-day cycle, ovulation usually happens around day 14, approximately two weeks before the start of the next menstrual period. However, this timing can differ based on the length of an individual’s cycle; for example, in a 35-day cycle, ovulation may occur around day 21, while in a 21-day cycle, it could happen around day 7.

Hormonal Regulation

Ovulation is regulated by hormones released from the brain and ovaries:

• The hypothalamus releases gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH), which stimulates the pituitary gland to secrete follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH).
• FSH promotes the maturation of ovarian follicles, and a surge in LH triggers ovulation itself, leading to the release of the egg.

After Ovulation

Once released, the egg travels down the fallopian tube where it may be fertilized by sperm. If fertilization does not occur, the egg disintegrates and is eventually shed along with the uterine lining during menstruation