What are the factors influencing microbial growth (bacterial cells)?

Factors influencing microbial growth in bacterial cells include: 1. Temperature: Each bacterial species has an optimal temperature range for growth. 2. pH: Bacteria thrive in different pH levels, with most preferring neutral conditions. 3. Oxygen: Some bacteria are aerobes (require oxygen), while others are anaerobes (do not require oxygen). 4. Nutrients: Bacteria require various nutrients, such as carbon, nitrogen, vitamins, and minerals, for metabolism and growth. 5. Moisture: Bacteria need moisture for survival, as it is essential for enzymatic reactions and cellular processes. 6. Salinity: Some bacteria require specific salt concentrations for growth.