What are telomeres and why are they important?

Telomeres are repetitive DNA sequences located at the ends of chromosomes, serving as protective caps that prevent the chromosome from damage and degradation. They are important because they safeguard the genetic material during cell division, preventing the loss of essential DNA from the ends of chromosomes. Without telomeres, chromosomes would be vulnerable to breakdown, leading to genomic instability, aging, and the development of diseases, including cancer. As cells divide, telomeres shorten, which serves as a mechanism to limit the number of divisions a cell can undergo, ensuring that damaged or faulty cells do not proliferate unchecked.