How to use the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation to make a buffer?

– Select a weak acid with a pKa close to the desired pH of the buffer solution. – Use the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation: pH = pKa + log₁₀([A⁻]/[HA]) to determine the required ratio of conjugate base ([A⁻]) to weak acid ([HA]). – Calculate the necessary concentrations or amounts of the acid and its conjugate base to achieve this ratio. – Prepare the buffer by mixing the calculated amounts of the weak acid and its conjugate base in solution.