How to transform plasmid into bacteria?

Transforming a plasmid into bacteria involves preparing competent cells, adding the plasmid DNA, and facilitating DNA uptake. In chemical transformation, cells are treated with calcium chloride and subjected to heat shock. In electroporation, an electric pulse is used to permeabilize the membrane. After transformation, cells are incubated in recovery media to express the plasmid-encoded genes. Transformed cells are then selected on antibiotic-containing agar plates, where only those with the plasmid grow.