how many atp are produced in the krebs cycle

In one complete turn of the Krebs cycle, 1 molecule of GTP (or ATP) is produced through substrate-level phosphorylation. Additionally, 3 NADH and 1 FADH₂ are generated. These reduced electron carriers subsequently donate electrons to the electron transport chain, indirectly contributing to ATP production: 3 NADH produce about 7.5 ATP (3 × 2.5 ATP) and 1 FADH₂ produces about 1.5 ATP. Combined with the direct GTP (or ATP), this results in a total of approximately 10 ATP equivalents per turn of the cycle. Since each glucose molecule generates two acetyl-CoA molecules, the total ATP produced from two Krebs cycles per glucose is about 20 ATP equivalents.