How does the structure of gram-negative bacteria contribute to their ability to cause disease?

The structure of gram-negative bacteria contributes to their pathogenicity due to the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) layer in their outer membrane. The LPS acts as an endotoxin, which can trigger strong immune responses in the host, often leading to inflammation and fever. The outer membrane also acts as a barrier, preventing certain antibiotics and immune molecules from entering the cell, contributing to antibiotic resistance and virulence.