How do mycorrhizae influence plants?

Mycorrhizae are beneficial fungi that form a symbiotic relationship with the roots of most plants. Here’s how they help plants:

1. Nutrient Uptake: Mycorrhizae extend the root system of plants through their hyphal networks, increasing the surface area for nutrient absorption. They are particularly good at absorbing phosphorus, but they also help with other essential nutrients like nitrogen and potassium.
2. Improved Water Absorption: The hyphal network helps plants access water from a larger soil volume, which can be crucial during dry periods.
3. Soil Structure: Mycorrhizae help bind soil particles together, improving soil structure and aeration, which enhances root growth and water infiltration.
4. Disease Resistance: By colonizing the root zone, mycorrhizae can protect plants from soil-borne pathogens and harmful fungi. They can also produce substances that inhibit the growth of harmful microbes.
5. Enhanced Plant Growth: Overall, the improved nutrient and water uptake, along with disease resistance, contributes to healthier, more robust plant growth.

In short, mycorrhizae play a vital role in plant health and productivity by improving nutrient and water uptake, enhancing soil structure, and providing protection against diseases.