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Sourav PanNovember 9, 2024

Annotate a diagram of the nephron to show the structure and function of each part involved in filtration and reabsorption.

Annotate a diagram of the nephron to show the structure and function of each part involved in filtration and reabsorption.

Sourav Pan
Sourav PanNovember 9, 2024

Answered step-by-step

To annotate a diagram of the nephron, we will highlight the structure and function of each part involved in filtration and reabsorption. Below is a detailed description of the nephron’s components along with their roles in the kidney’s function.

Diagram of the Nephron

While I cannot create visual images directly, I can describe how to draw it and what to include in your diagram. Here’s how to structure it:

Key Structures to Include:

  1. Renal Corpuscle:
    • Components:
      • Bowman’s Capsule: A cup-like structure that surrounds the glomerulus.
      • Glomerulus: A tuft of capillaries where blood filtration occurs.
    • Function:
      • Filtration: Blood enters through the afferent arteriole, and due to high pressure, water and small solutes are filtered into Bowman’s capsule, forming filtrate.
  2. Proximal Convoluted Tubule (PCT):
    • Description: The first segment of the renal tubule following Bowman’s capsule.
    • Function:
      • Reabsorption: Approximately 65% of filtered water, all glucose, amino acids, and many ions (such as sodium and bicarbonate) are reabsorbed back into the bloodstream via active and passive transport mechanisms.
  3. Loop of Henle:
    • Components:
      • Descending Limb: Permeable to water but not to solutes.
      • Ascending Limb: Impermeable to water; actively transports sodium and chloride ions out into the interstitial fluid.
    • Function:
      • Countercurrent Multiplier: Establishes a concentration gradient in the medulla, allowing for further water reabsorption in the collecting duct.
  4. Distal Convoluted Tubule (DCT):
    • Description: The segment following the loop of Henle.
    • Function:
      • Selective Reabsorption and Secretion: Reabsorbs sodium and calcium ions under hormonal control (e.g., aldosterone), while secreting potassium and hydrogen ions into the filtrate.
  5. Collecting Duct:
    • Description: The final segment where multiple nephrons converge.
    • Function:
      • Final Concentration of Urine: Water reabsorption is regulated by antidiuretic hormone (ADH). It plays a key role in determining urine concentration based on hydration status.

Summary of Functions

Structure Function
Renal Corpuscle Filters blood, allowing water and small solutes to enter Bowman’s capsule as filtrate.
Proximal Convoluted Tubule Reabsorbs most water, all glucose, amino acids, and many ions back into the bloodstream.
Loop of Henle Creates an osmotic gradient; reabsorbs water (descending limb) and sodium/chloride (ascending limb).
Distal Convoluted Tubule Further adjusts ion concentrations; reabsorbs sodium/calcium and secretes potassium/hydrogen.
Collecting Duct Final site for water reabsorption; regulates urine concentration based on ADH levels.

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