# Monera vs Protista vs Fungi vs Animalia vs Plantae – Key Differences

> Difference Between Monera, Protista, Fungi, Animalia, Plantae. The five-kingdom classificatio

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Author: Sourav Pan
Last updated: August 22, 2026

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Difference Between Monera, Protista, Fungi, Animalia, Plantae. The five-kingdom classificatio[n](https://microbiologynote.com/whittakers-five-kingdom-classification/) was proposed by R.H. Whittaker in 1969 and was built on the work of two-kingdom classification.

In Five Kingdom Classification, the organisms are classified based on several characteristics such as mode of nutrition, thallus organization, cell structure, phylogenetic relationships, and reproduction.

It is the most common classification system of grouping organisms based on their simple distinctive characteristics.

Whittaker’s Five Kingdom was divided into five groups; Kingdom Animalia, Kingdom Plantae, Kingdom Fungi, Kingdom Protista, Kingdom Monera (Bacteria).

## Difference Between Monera, Protista, Fungi, Animalia, Plantae

TOPICMONERAPROTISTAFUNGIPLANTAEANIMALIACall typeProkaryotic cellEukaryotic cellEukaryotic cellEukaryotic cellEukaryotic cellCell wallnon cellulosic (polysaccharide + amino acid)Present in some (various types)Present (Non cellulosic)Present (cellulosic)AbsentChloroplastAbsentPresent In someAbsentpresentAbsentMitochondriaAbsentpresentpresentpresentpresentNuclear MembraneAbsentpresentpresentpresentpresentTissue or MulticellularityAbsentAbsentpresent but limitedpresent in all forms present in all formsMotilityBacterial Flagella, gliding or non-motileCilia, flagella, amoeboid or contractile fibrilsCilia, flagella in some.Cilia, flagella in lower forms. Absent in most of the forms.Cilia, flagella,contractile fibrils.Mode of Nutritionheterotrophic and autotrophic.absorption and photosynthesis.heterotrophic, absorptive, saprobic.autotrophic.heterotrophic.Reproductionreproduced by Asexually.They reproduced by both Asexually and sexually.They reproduced by both asexually and sexually.They reproduced by both asexually and sexually.reproduced by both asexually and sexually.