What is streptococcus pneumoniae?

Streptococcus pneumoniae (S. pneumoniae) is a gram-positive, alpha-hemolytic bacterium.

S. pneumoniae is commonly found in the upper respiratory tract of humans.

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It is a leading cause of community-acquired pneumonia, meningitis, and sepsis.

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S. pneumoniae produces a polysaccharide capsule, which helps it evade the immune system.

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There are over 90 known serotypes of S. pneumoniae, with varying levels of virulence.

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S. pneumoniae is transmitted through respiratory droplets, close contact, and fomites.

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S. pneumoniae causes a range of diseases, from mild otitis media to life-threatening invasive infections.

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S. pneumoniae has developed resistance to several antibiotics, making treatment challenging.

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Vaccines (PCV and PPSV) are available to prevent S. pneumoniae infections, especially in high-risk groups.

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S. pneumoniae infections are responsible for significant morbidity and mortality worldwide, particularly in children and older adults.

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